Table 3 Factors associated with pretreatment HIV drug resistance among HIV-positive individuals
Variable | Number | PDR, N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 3262 | 194 (6.0) | ||||
Age (years) | ||||||
≥ 50 | 1799 | 76 (4.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
30–49 | 1158 | 90 (7.8) | 1.91 (1.40–2.62) | < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.28–2.50) | < 0.001 |
18–29 | 305 | 28 (9.2) | 2.29 (1.46–3.60) | < 0.001 | 2.82 (1.73–4.82) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 2396 | 140 (5.8) | 1.00 | |||
Female | 866 | 54 (6.2) | 1.07 (0.78–1.48) | 0.675 | ||
Ethnic | ||||||
Zhuang | 290 | 11 (3.8) | ||||
Han | 2930 | 181 (6.2) | 1.67 (0.90–3.12) | 0.106 | ||
Others | 42 | 2 (4.8) | 1.27 (0.27–5.93) | 0.763 | ||
Education | ||||||
Primary or below | 1833 | 99 (5.4) | 1.00 | |||
Junior or above | 1429 | 95 (6.7) | 1.25 (0.93–1.67) | 0.136 | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Divorced or widowed | 641 | 27 (4.2) | 1.00 | |||
Married or cohabiting | 1953 | 113 (5.8) | 1.40 (0.91–2.15) | 0.128 | ||
Single | 668 | 54 (8.1) | 2.00 (1.24–3.22) | 0.004 | ||
Occupation | ||||||
Farmer | 2588 | 153 (5.9) | 1.00 | |||
Others | 674 | 41 (6.1) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | 0.866 | ||
Route of infection | ||||||
Heterosexual intercourse | 3082 | 180 (5.8) | 1.00 | |||
Men who have sex with men | 65 | 3 (4.6) | 0.78 (0.24–2.51) | 0.677 | ||
Injection drug use | 115 | 11 (9.6) | 1.71 (0.90–3.23) | 0.102 | ||
Baseline CD4+ cell count before ART (cells/mm3) | ||||||
≥ 350 | 669 | 34 (5.1) | 1.00 | |||
< 350 | 2533 | 157 (6.2) | 1.23 (0.84–1.81) | 0.279 | ||
Missing | 60 | 3 (5.0) | 0.98 (0.29–3.30) | 0.978 | ||
HIV-1 genotype | ||||||
CRF07_BC | 331 | 10 (3.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
CRF01_AE | 1849 | 92 (5.0) | 1.68 (0.87–3.26) | 0.125 | 1.56 (0.77–3.17) | 0.218 |
CRF08_BC | 895 | 84 (9.4) | 3.32 (1.70–6.49) | < 0.001 | 3.23 (1.58–6.59) | 0.001 |
CRF55_01B | 30 | 3 (10.0) | 3.56 (0.93–13.74) | 0.064 | 2.51 (0.60–10.44) | 0.205 |
Others | 145 | 5 (3.5) | 1.15 (0.39–3.42) | 0.806 | 1.03 (0.32–3.26) | 0.964 |
B | 12 | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
Condomless sexual behavior in the past 3 months | ||||||
Yes | 737 | 44 (6.0) | 1.00 | |||
No | 2525 | 150 (6.0) | 1.00 (0.70–1.41) | 0.976 | ||