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Table 2 Relationship between the frequency of abnormal clinical/laboratory indices and presence versus absence of RPI, and pattern of RPI (left versus right versus both kidneys, and unilateral versus bilateral

From: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors associated with renal parenchymal injury in Iranian children with acute pyelonephritis

Demographic/clinical factora

DMSA scansb

p-value

DMSA scansb

p-value

DMSA scansb

p-value

RPI

(Abnormal, n = 43)

No RPI (Normal, n = 24)

RPI in LKCs

(n = 14)

RPI in RKCs

(n = 12)

RPI in both (n = 17)

Unilateral

(n = 26) RPI

Bilateral

(n = 17) RPI

BMI (kg/m2)

24 (55.8)

7 (29.2)

0.038*

6 (42.8)

6 (50)

12 (70.6)

0.033*

12 (46.1)

12 (70.6)

0.029*

Fever duration (BT)

12 (27.9)

5 (25)

0.051

4 (28.6)

3 (25)

5 (29.4)

0.662

7 (26.9)

5 (29.4)

0.711

Fever duration (AT)

3 (7)

1 (4.1)

0.754

1 (7.1)

1 (8.3)

1 (5.9)

0.546

2 (7.7)

1 (5.9)

0.684

ESR (mm/h)

7 (16.3)

3 (12.5)

0.125

2 (14.3)

2 (16.7)

3 (17.6)

0.607

4 (15.4)

3 (17.6)

0.655

CRP (mg/L)

2 (4.7)

1 (4.2)

0.711

1 (7.14)

0 (0)

1 (5.9)

0.094

1 (3.8)

1 (5.9)

0.102

WBC (× 109/L)

7 (16.3)

4 (16.7)

0.803

2 (14.3)

2 (16.7)

3 (17.6)

0.607

4 (15.4)

3 (17.6)

0. 655

Hb (g/dL)

3 (7)

2 (8.3)

0.072

1 (7.1)

1 (8.3)

1 (5.9)

0.546

2 (7.7)

1 (5.9)

0.684

BUN (mg/dL)

6 (14)

4 (16.7)

0.314

2 (14.3)

2 (16.7)

2 (11.8)

0.056

4 (15.4)

2 (11.8)

0.052

SCr (mg/dL)

10 (23.3)

3 (12.5)

0.042*

2 (14.3)

4 (33.3)

4 (23.5)

0.039*

8 (30.7)

4 (23.5)

0.045*

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

4 (9.3)

2 (8.3)

0.772

1 (7.1)

1 (8.3)

1 (5.9)

0.546

2 (7.7)

1 (5.9)

0.684

Anemia (Hb < 10.5 g/dL, %)

11 (25.6)

3 (12)

0.035*

6 (42.8)

2 (16.6)

3 (17.6)

0.036*

8 (30.8)

3 (17.6)

0.040*

  1. Frequencies are expressed as number (percentage)
  2. * p-values less than 0.05 are statistically significant
  3. aBMI body mass index, BT/AT before/after treatment, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, WBC white blood cell, Hb hemoglobin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, SCr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  4. bRPI renal parenchymal injury, LKCs left kidney changes, RKCs right kidney changes