Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS priority pathogens from Pakistan: 2006–2018

Saeed, Dania Khalid; Farooqi, Joveria; Shakoor, Sadia; Hasan, Rumina

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06795-0

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 2 Antimicrobial resistance rates (shown as percent resistance) reported in hospital-based studies (2006–2017)

From: Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS priority pathogens from Pakistan: 2006–2018

Priority bacteria	Year of publication	Duration of Study	N value	AMP	CRO/CTM	CAZ	MEM/IPM	GEN	AK	CIP/OFX	SXT	TIG	MIN	OXA	VAN	Refs.
K. pneumoniae	2009	2006–2007	9		100		0				100					[34]
	2010^α	2007–2008	72		62.5	47.2	20.8			73.6	88.9					[35]
	2010^α	2002–2007	15,914				0.4			22.4	41.25					[36]
	2016	2015–2016	58		94		56			71	73					[19]
	2017	2013–2014	93		60		1.1				68.5					[37]
E. coli	2009	2008	29	86.2	82.4					75.9						[38]
	2010	2007–2008	53		75* (71.7–78.3)	*63.6 (55.5–71.7)**	10.1* (5.1–15.1)			70.35* (65.2–75.5)	64.2					[35]
	2010	2009	46		75* (71.7–78.3)	*63.6 (55.5–71.7)**	10.1* (5.1–15.1)			70.35* (65.2–75.5)						[39]
	2015	2011–2012	166							59.1* (39.8–78.4)						[31]
	2015	2012–2013	227	96.5	80.2		7			59.1* (39.8–78.4)						[40]
	2016	2013–2014	89				10* (5.6–12)			60* (57.3–84)	60.9* (61.8–60)					[41]
	2016	2014	50	95* (93–98)	75.5* (58–93)						60.9* (61.8–60)					[42]
	2016	2015–2016	87	95* (93–98)	75.5* (58–93)											[19]
	2017	2013–2014	108				2.04* (1.89–2.2)			76.7* (74.04–79.3)	71.6* (67.2–76)					[37]
	2017	2014–2015	351	90.8	78	45.8	2.04* (1.89–2.2)			76.7* (74.04–79.3)	71.6* (67.2–76)					[18]
	2018	2017	119	71.4	65.5	64.7	5			71.4	63.9					[43]
Acinetobacter sp.	2009	2009	27				80* (75–85)	92	78							[34]
	2009	2006	4				80* (75–85)									[44]
	2014	2010–2011	90				59.4* (53.3–65.5)		68.94			20	83.3			[45]
	2014	2010	30				59.4* (53.3–65.5)									[32]
	2015	2011	26				96.2		50			11.5				[46]
	2016	2014	51				100* (17.6–100)		75* (37.2–95)							[42]
	2016	2013–2014	8					98.5* (97–100)								[41]
	2016	2015–2016	87					98.5* (97–100)								[19]
S. aureus	2009	2005–2008	195											21.5	0	[27]
	2014	2009–2010	54											48.1* (33.9–63.27)		[29]
	2014	2011	375													[47]
	2014	2011	177													[48]
	2015	–	104											25.97* (2.9–49.04)		[49]
	2015	2013–2014	77											25.97* (2.9–49.04)		[50]
	2017	2015–2017	346											52* (26.6.-84.6)		[28]
	2017	2013–2014	142													[37]
	2017	2013	26													[51]

The pathogen/antimicrobial combination used was in accordance with WHO GLASS. n value: Number of isolates included in the study reported. For Staphylococcus aureus in addition to the antimicrobials recommended for reporting in GLASS, vancomycin has also been included
Resistance was graded as: very low (0–10%): in italic; low (11–30%): plain font; moderate (30–50%): underlined; high (≥ 50%): bold font
AMP ampicillin, CRO/CTM ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, CAZ ceftazidime, MEM/IPM meropenem/imipenem, GEN gentamicin, AK amikacin, CIP/OFX ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin, SXT sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, TIG tigecycline, MIN minocycline, OXA oxacillin, VAN vancomycin, sp. species
*Where applicable, data from studies conducted during the same year was merged and shown as median percentage (with 95% Confidence Intervals)
^αData not merged because of wide study duration

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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