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Table 3 Factors influencing knowledge

From: Tertiary hospitals physician’s knowledge and perceptions towards antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Cameroon

Characteristic

Knowledge score

p value

Professional category, mean (± SD)

 GP

49 (15)

0.16

 Resident

56 (14)

 Specialist

61 (14)

Hospital, mean (± SD)

 General Hospital

59 (13)

0.64

 Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatrics Hospital

58 (13)

 Teaching Hospital

58 (13)

 Central Hospital

54 (15)

Experience as medical officer mean (± SD)

 ≤ 3 years

53 (15)

0.19

 > 3 years

58 (13)

Experience as specialist, mean (± SD)

 ≤ 3 years

60 (14)

0.53

 > 3 years

64 (11)

Years of residency mean (± SD)

 ≤ 2 years

54 (13)

0.38

 > 2 years

58 (14)

Previous training on dosing and duration of antibiotic therapy, mean (± SD)

 Yes

57 (14)

0.83

 No

56 (14)

Previous training on principles of infection prevention and control, mean (± SD)

 Yes

58 (17)

0.54

 No

56 (14)

Personal previous experience, mean (± SD)

 Do not influence at all/do not influence

56 (14)

0.61

 Neutral

52 (15)

 Influence/strongly influence

60 (19)

Perceptions and attitudes

 Patient reassurance, mean (± SD)

  Do not influence at all/ do not influence

67 (12)

0.01

  Neutral

62 (13)

  Influence/strongly influence

53 (13)

 Antibiotic resistance profile in the hospital/ward, mean (± SD)

  Do not influence at all/ do not influence

56 (13)

0.07

  Neutral

60 (14)

  Influence/strongly influence

40 (17)

 Risk of missing an infection, mean (± SD)

  Do not influence at all/ do not influence

55 (14)

0.27

  Neutral

54 (14)

  Influence/strongly influence

61 (13)

 Patient immunocompromised or critically ill, mean (± SD)

  Do not influence at all/ do not influence

57 (14)

0.27

  Neutral

57 (15)

  Influence/strongly influence

43 (15)

 Pharmaceutical firms pressure, mean (± SD)

  

  Do not influence at all/ do not influence

56 (12)

0.95

  Neutral

57 (14)

  Influence/strongly influence

56 (15)

 Antibiotic overuse in Cameroon, mean (± SD)

  

  Strongly disagree/disagree

56 (14)

0.51

  Neutral

45 (7)

  Agree/strongly agree

60 (-)

 Antibiotic overuse in the hospital, mean (± SD)

  Strongly disagree/disagree

56 (15)

0.66

  Neutral

58 (13)

  Agree/strongly agree

54 (13)

 Antibiotic overuse in ward*

 

0.30

  Strongly disagree/disagree

60 (13)

  Neutral

56 (15)

  Agree/strongly agree

54 (14)

 

 Antibiotic resistance in Cameroon

  Strongly disagree/disagree

56 (14)

0.88

  Neutral

60 (20)

  Agree/strongly agree

57 (6)

 Antibiotic resistance in hospital

  Strongly disagree/disagree

57 (14)

0.38

  Neutral

53 (14)

  Agree/strongly agree (11)

59 (12)

 Antibiotic resistance in ward

  Strongly disagree/disagree

57 (14)

0.95

  Neutral

56 (14)

  Agree/strongly agree

56 (14)

Resources used for antibiotic prescribing

 Infectious diseases specialist, mean (± SD)

  Not familiar/never

57 (13)

0.69

  Rarely

55 (16)

  Sometimes/Often

53 (14)

 Other consultants, mean (± SD)

  Not familiar/never

55 (13)

0.73

  Rarely

58 (15)

  Sometimes/Often

54 (18)

 Other colleagues, mean (± SD)

  Not familiar/never

55 (15)

0.51

  Rarely

58 (12)

 Textbooks, mean (± SD)

  Not familiar/never

58 (13)

0.01

  Rarely

40 (12)

 WHO guidelines, mean (± SD)

  Not familiar/never

57 (14)

0.73

  Rarely

54 (16)

  Sometimes/Often

50 (0)

 Learned society guidelines, mean (± SD)

  

  Not familiar/never

57 (13)

0.21

  Rarely

48 (24)

 iPad/smart phone apps, mean (± SD)

  

  Not familiar/never

55 (14)

0.56

  Rarely

59 (15)

  Sometimes/Often

58 (13)

 Ward round

  

  Not helpful at all/not helpful

55 (14)

0.52

  Neutral

61 (11)

  Helpful/very helpful

60 (-)

 Conferences

  

  Not helpful at all/not helpful

56 (14)

0.52

  Neutral

60 (10)

 Pharmaceutical representatives

  Not helpful at all/not helpful

60 (12)

0.15

  Neutral

53 (16)

  Helpful/very helpful

52 (12)

  1. GP general practitioner; SD standard derivation