From: Predictors of severe leptospirosis: a multicentre observational study from Central Malaysia
Variables | Severe cases (n = 33, 39.8%) | Mild cases (n = 50, 60.2%) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | χ2 test | Corrected X2 tailed p p < 0.05 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender M:F | (70%, M) | (62%, M) | 1.4 | 0.6–3.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Older age > 60 years | 27% | 22% | 1.3 | 0.4–4.1 | 0.08 | 0.7 |
Fever | 97% | 98% | 0.7 | 0.008–52.8 | UN | 1# |
Headache | 30% | 48% | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 |
GIT involvement | 55% | 70% | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 |
Myalgia | 36% | 30% | 1.3 | 0.5–3.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Mechanical ventilation | 18% | 0% | UN | UN | UN | 0.0029**# |
AKI | 48% | 8% | 10.8 | 2.9–49.2 | 15.7 | 0.00007** |
Septic shock | 21% | 4% | 6.5 | 1.1–66.6 | 4.4 | 0.035** |
Creatinine > 1.13 mg/dL | 70% | 24% | 7.3 | 2.7–19.5 | 15.2 | 0.00009** |
Urea > 7 mmol/L | 67% | 22% | 7.1 | 2.6–19.0 | 14.7 | 0.0001** |
Bilirubin > 32.49 μmol | 33% | 18% | 2.2 | 0.7–7.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 |
ALT > 50 IU | 58% | 32% | 2.9 | 1.2–7.2 | 4.3 | 0.037** |
AST > 50 IU | 79% | 40% | 5.7 | 2.1–15.6 | 10.6 | 0.001** |
HCT < 35% | 56% | 42% | 1.8 | 0.7–4.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
Platelet < 150 × 109/L | 58% | 22% | 4.8 | 1.8–12.6 | 9.4 | 0.002** |
HB < 11.5 g/dL | 48% | 38% | 1.5 | 0.6–3.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
WBC < 11 × 109/L | 42% | 40% | 1.1 | 0.5–2.7 | 0.0 | 1 |
Leptospira interrogans | 68% | 71% | 0.9 | 0.2–3.3 | 0.0 | 1 |
Leptospira kirschneri | 32% | 26% | 1.4 | 0.3–5.1 | 0.04 | 0.8 |