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Table 2 Univariate analysis between severe and mild infections

From: Predictors of severe leptospirosis: a multicentre observational study from Central Malaysia

Variables

Severe cases (n = 33, 39.8%)

Mild cases (n = 50,

60.2%)

Odds ratio

95% CI

χ2 test

Corrected X2 tailed p

p < 0.05

Gender M:F

(70%, M)

(62%, M)

1.4

0.6–3.6

0.2

0.6

Older age > 60 years

27%

22%

1.3

0.4–4.1

0.08

0.7

Fever

97%

98%

0.7

0.008–52.8

UN

1#

Headache

30%

48%

0.5

0.2–1.2

1.9

0.2

GIT involvement

55%

70%

0.5

0.2–1.3

1.4

0.2

Myalgia

36%

30%

1.3

0.5–3.4

0.1

0.7

Mechanical ventilation

18%

0%

UN

UN

UN

0.0029**#

AKI

48%

8%

10.8

2.9–49.2

15.7

0.00007**

Septic shock

21%

4%

6.5

1.1–66.6

4.4

0.035**

Creatinine > 1.13 mg/dL

70%

24%

7.3

2.7–19.5

15.2

0.00009**

Urea > 7 mmol/L

67%

22%

7.1

2.6–19.0

14.7

0.0001**

Bilirubin > 32.49 μmol

33%

18%

2.2

0.7–7.1

1.7

0.2

ALT > 50 IU

58%

32%

2.9

1.2–7.2

4.3

0.037**

AST > 50 IU

79%

40%

5.7

2.1–15.6

10.6

0.001**

HCT < 35%

56%

42%

1.8

0.7–4.4

1.1

0.3

Platelet < 150 × 109/L

58%

22%

4.8

1.8–12.6

9.4

0.002**

HB < 11.5 g/dL

48%

38%

1.5

0.6–3.7

0.5

0.5

WBC < 11 × 109/L

42%

40%

1.1

0.5–2.7

0.0

1

Leptospira interrogans

68%

71%

0.9

0.2–3.3

0.0

1

Leptospira kirschneri

32%

26%

1.4

0.3–5.1

0.04

0.8

  1. UN undefined
  2. #p-value based on Fisher-exact test
  3. **Significant value