Associations between YKL-40 and markers of disease severity and death in patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infection

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infection

	Entire cohort (n = 161)
Demographics
Age, years	61 (53–69)
Sex, male	98 (61)
Body mass index, kg/m²	26 (24–31)
Comorbidities
Cardiovascular disease	75 (47)
Chronic kidney disease	13 (8)
COPD	17 (11)
Diabetes	40 (25)
Immune deficiency	12 (7)
Chronic liver disease	9 (6)
Malignancy	14 (9)
Peripheral vascular disease	21 (13)
Rheumatoid disease	11 (7)
No comorbidities	49 (30)
Pre-existing conditions
Active smoker^a	49 (30)
High alcohol consumption^b	23 (14)
Steroid treatment	21 (13)
Immunosuppressing drugs	15 (9)
Biochemistry
Leukocyte count, 10⁹/L	16.2 (11.4–22.7)
C-reactive protein, mg/L	224 (153–309)
Procalcitonin, µg/L	8.6 (2.1–37.1)
Creatinine, µmol/L	121 (79–307)
Lactate, mmol/L	2.3 (1.3–4.7)
Other
SOFA score^c	8 (6–11)
SAPS II^d	45 (35–54)
Septic shock^e	80 (50)
ICU length of stay, days^f	7 (4–13)
Amputation within 7 days^g	27 (17)
RRT within 7 days	35 (22)
30-day mortality, n (%, 95% CI)	28 (17, 12–24)
90-day mortality, n (%, 95% CI)	37 (23, 17–30)

Continuous data are presented as medians (interquartile range, IQR) and categorial data as absolute numbers (percentage, %)
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, RRT renal replacement therapy
^aData were missing for 38 (24%) patients. ^bHigh alcohol consumption defined as > 14 units of alcohol/week (female); > 21 units of alcohol/week (male), data were missing for 43 (27%) patients. ^cSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score (Day 1); data were missing for 3 (2%) patients. ^dSimplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II); data were missing for 4 (2%) patients. ^eFrom the first 24 h after admission. Septic shock defined as lactate > 2 mmol/l and use of vasopressor or inotrope. ^fTotal ICU length of stay including patients subsequently transferred to ICUs in other hospitals. ^g1 (50%) patients had NSTI on an extremity

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