Table 2 Cox-regression model for survival in Eastern Europe, crude and adjusted hazard ratios (24 months follow-up)

Delayed diagnosis

≥ 1 month (n = 480)

1.36 (1.04–1.77)

0.023

1.27 (0.95–1.70)

0.103

Gender

Male (n = 563)

1.34 (1.02–1.76)

0.032

1.38 (1.04–1.83)

0.026

Age

Age 18–49 (n = 694)

Ref

Ref

Age ≥ 50 (n = 46)

0.92 (0.55–1.52)

0.741

Exposure group (HIV)

MSM (n = 10)

0.49 (0.12–1.95)

0.309

IDU (n = 422)

1.19 (0.93–1.52)

0.173

Heterosexual (n = 183)

0.84 (0.63–1.13)

0.255

Known HIV positive

At baseline (n = 668)

1.55 (0.96–2.50)

0.074

1.43 (0.84–2.42)

0.185

Treatment history (HIV)

Naïve at TB diagnosis^c (n = 558)

1.04 (0.79–1.38)

0.766

ART at baseline^c (n = 132)

0.96 (0.70–1.31)

0.795

Cotrimoxazole at baseline (n = 273)

1.22 (0.96–1.56)

0.110

CD4-cell count/mm³°

0–199/mm³ (n = 440)

2.17 (1.53–3.09)

0.001

1.84 (1.27–2.68)

0.001

≥ 200/mm³ (n = 185)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Missing CD4 (n = 115)

2.17 (1.41–3.33)

0.001

2.32 (1.47–3.66)

0.001

Prior AIDS

Yes (n = 177)

1.87 (1.45–2.41)

0.001

1.69 (1.27–2.24)

0.001

Previous TB

Yes (n = 99)

0.97 (0.68–1.39)

0.880

TB risk factor

Alcohol abuse (n = 186)

1.32 (1.01–1.73)

0.041

1.24 (0.92–1.68)

0.158

Recent TB in family (n = 53)

0.84 (0.50–1.42)

0.524

Prison within the last 2 years (n = 143)

1.11 (0.82–1.51)

0.493

Clinical presentation of TB

Pulmonary (n = 239)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Extrapulmonary (n = 54)

0.98 (0.51–1.88)

0.957

0.86 (0.44–1.68)

0.657

Disseminated (n = 447)

2.31 (1.71–3.11)

0.001

1.93 (1.38–2.69)

0.001

TB symptoms at diagnosis

Cough (n = 501)

0.95 (0.74–1.23)

0.708

Fever (n = 636)

1.59 (1.07–2.37)

0.022

1.41 (0.91–2.19)

0.124

Weight loss (n = 445)

1.70 (1.31–2.21)

0.001

1.41 (1.05–1.88)

0.022

Number of symptoms§

None (n = 20)

Ref

Ref

One symptom (n = 133)

0.89 (0.38–2.11)

0.793

Two symptoms (n = 312)

1.12 (0.49–2.56)

0.783

Three symptoms (n = 275)

1.58 (0.69–3.58)

0.277

Screening chest X-ray in past^d

Yes (n = 338)

1.30 (1.02–1.66)

0.034

1.27 (0.93–1.74)

0.133

Rifampicin resistance

Yes (n = 95)

1.53 (1.12–2.10)

0.007

Omitted^b

MDR-TB

Yes (n = 88)

2.61 (1.68–4.05)

0.001

2.06 (1.06–4.01)

0.033

No (n = 148)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Missing (n = 504)

1.84 (1.28–2.64)

0.001

1.32 (0.68–2.57)

0.407

Diagnosis

Definitive (n = 333)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Probable (n = 76)

1.43 (0.97–2.11)

0.074

0.99 (0.61–1.59)

0.955

Presumptive (n = 331)

1.03 (0.80–1.34)

0.795

0.95 (0.67–1.35)

0.764

Hepatis B

HBsAg positive (n = 44)^d

0.95 (0.56–1.60)

0.843

Hepatitis C

Anti-HCV positive (n = 405)^d

1.20 (0.94–1.53)

0.145

Drug-susceptibility testing

At baseline (n = 236)

0.84 (0.65–1.08)

0.175

Treatment with RHZ

At baseline (n = 591)

0.81 (0.59–1.09)

0.157

Treatment with at least three active drugs

At baseline (n = 132)

0.64 (0.46–0.91)

0.014

0.81 (0.52–1.25)

0.344