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Table 6 Biomarkers associated with B. coli mono-infection

From: Prevalence and risk factors of human Balantidium coli infection and its association with haematological and biochemical parameters in Ga West Municipality, Ghana

Biomarkers

B. coli negative individuals (n = 86)

B. coli mono–infections (n = 34)

B. coli and other parasites co–infection (n = 9)

p–value

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

13.4 ± 1.09

11.6 ± 2.33

10.7 ± 2.98†‡

0.008

Red blood cells (x1012/L)

3.87 ± 1.01

3.14 ± 0.87

3.04 ± 1.21†‡

0.033

Mean cell volume (fL)

85.3 ± 7.23

103.3 ± 5.78

109.3 ± 3.99†‡

< 0.001

Total white blood cells (x109/L)

9.5 ± 2.2

12.4 ± 3.4†‡

11.5 ± 2.5†‡

0.004

Neutrophils (%)

45.7 ± 7.2

42.7 ± 5.4

43.6 ± 6.4

0.087

Lymphocytes (%)

44.6 ± 6.4

42.2 ± 4.7

53.2 ± 2.7

0.002

Mid–cells (%)

7.2 ± 2.9

8.6 ± 4.0

11.3 ± 3.3

0.009

Platelet count (x1012/L)

151 ± 28

145 ± 35

112 ± 15

0.010

Sodium (mmol/L)

138.9 ± 5.4

132.4 ± 3.6

131.4 ± 3.7

0.020

Potassium (mmol/L)

5.9 ± 0.54

5.5 ± 0.78

5.3 ± 1.01

0.106

Chloride (mmol/L)

93.7 ± 5.1

89.3 ± 9.6

88.3 ± 5.9

0.018

Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

23.3 ± 2.31

19.56 ± 1.89

17.4 ± 2.01†‡

0.025

Urea (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 2.3

6.1 ± 1.8

5.9 ± 2.1

0.197

Creatinine (µmol/L)

75.4 ± 6.7

71.3 ± 5.0

72.5 ± 3.6

0.213

ALP (U/L)

205 ± 18.6

211 ± 20.1

198 ± 14.9

0.088

Total protein (g/L)

73.2 ± 4.7

69.2 ± 3.5

67.6 ± 6.6

0.077

Albumin (g/L)

36.4 ± 5.1

34.9 ± 3.2

34.0 ± 3.9

0.004

AST (U/L)

33.8 ± 3.7

34.4 ± 4.0

35.5 ± 2.1

0.115

ALT (U/L)

31.5 ± 0.89

28.5 ± 2.5

33.5 ± 1.4

0.066

Indirect bilirubin (µmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.88

4.7 ± 1.07

6.1 ± 1.15

0.321

Direct bilirubin (µmol/L)

8.4 ± 0.56

9.8 ± 0.78

10.7 ± 0.57

0.228

  1. Values of biomarkers presented as mean ± standard deviation, significant difference between infection (either mono or co-infection) and noninfected comparative group, significant difference between co-infection and noninfected comparative group. ALP alkaline phosphatase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase