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Table 6 Interrupted time-series regression of death rate per 100,000 in relation to countries- and sub-countries stringency Indices (Intervention)

From: Factors shaping the COVID-19 epidemic curve: a multi-country analysis

 

Deaths per 100,000

Country level

India

Nepal

Nigeria

Colombia

Mexico

South Korea

Italy

Germany

Sweden

 Baseline trend

2.3 × 10–6

0.000

0.001*

0.002*

0.000*

0.001

0.001

0.0003*

0.0002

 At intervention 1

−0.004*

−0.359*

0.039*

−1.562*

1.056*

−1.033*

 Trend after intervention 1

0.001*

0.055*

0.002*

0.301*

0.034*

0.303*

 At intervention 2

0.022*

−0.015

6.704*

0.054

 Trend after intervention 2

0.001

−0.007*

−0.413*

0.073

 At intervention 3

0.027*

0.002

−0.012

0.101*

−0.006

−0.144*

−1.348*

−4.665

 Trend after intervention 3

−0.000

0.001

−0.001

0.008*

0.005*

−0.062

−0.778*

−0.451*

 General trend after all levels of intervention

0.001

0.002

0.0002

0.01*

0.055*

−0.0004*

−0.174*

−0.043*

−0.074

 Sub-country level

Kerala

Kathmandua

Abuja

North Santander

Nuevo León

Daegu

Lombardy

Baden–Württemberg

Västra Götaland

 Baseline trend

7.78 × 10–6

0.001

0.003*

0.002*

0.027

0.335*

0.003*

0.018*

 At intervention 1

0.006

–0.013

0.696*

28.27*

2.596*

0.146

 Trend after intervention 1

−0.001

0.015*

−0.009

−0.679*

−0.01

0.271

 At intervention 2

−0.949

 Trend after intervention 2

−0.248

 At intervention 3

−0.001

−0.037

−0.035

−0.745*

−4.803

−1.633*

 Trend after intervention 3

0.002

0.009

−0.005

−0.036*

0.019

0.026

 General trend after all levels of intervention

0.002

0.008

−0.002

0.017*

−0.018*

−0.325*

0.02

0.041

  1. Intervention 1 measured at 50th, intervention 2 measured at 75th and intervention 3 measured at 95th percentile
  2. *significant change (p < 0.001)
  3. aNo reported cases
  4. bIntervention 1 is measured at 10th percentile instead of 50th percentile (only in Sweden)