Table 2 Summary of the previously reported human cases with Enterococcus hirae
Case | References | Age | Gender | Year | Underlying diseases | Chief complaint | Method of E. hirae identification | Diagnosis | treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gilad et al. [24] | 49 | Male | 1998 | ESRD with hemodialysis, Indwelling central venous catheter | Fever | Rapid ID 32 Strep system | Septicemia | VCM + TOB | Complete resolution |
2 | Tan et al. [12] | 82 | Female | 2000 | DM | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Urinary tract infection | AMPC + GEM | Complete resolution |
3 | Tan et al. [12] | 80 | Male | 2001 | Biliary tract disease | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Biliary tract infection | CMZ + Operation | Complete resolution |
4 | Poyart et al. [6] | 72 | Male | 2002 | Coronary artery disease | Fever, Chills, Progressive malaise, Generalized weakness | (sodA gene) sequencing | Native valve Endocarditis | ABPC + GM 4 weeks, RFP 3 weeks → ABPC + GM po Readmission: VCM + GM 6 weeks → ABPC po total 8 weeks | Complete resolution |
5 | Tan et al. [12] | 50 | Male | 2002 | ESRD | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Primary bacteremia | VCM | Complete resolution |
6 | Tan et al. [12] | 55 | Male | 2003 | N/A | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Urinary tract infection | ABPC | Complete resolution |
7 | Tan et al. [12] | 63 | Male | 2004 | Biliary tract disease | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Biliary tract infection | ABPC/SBT + biliary drainage | Complete resolution |
8 | Tan et al. [12] | 69 | Female | 2004 | N/A | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Urinary tract infection | ABPC/SBT | Complete resolution |
9 | Tan et al. [12] | 57 | Male | 2006 | Tongue cancer | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Catheter Associate infection | VCM + Removal of catheter | Complete resolution |
10 | Vinh et al. [9] | 80 | Male | 2006 | DM, Hypercholesterolemia, Coronary artery disease, Resection of malignant colonic polyp | Dyspnea, Vague epigastric discomfort | VITEK 2 automated system (bioMériux) | Native-valve bacterial endocarditis | ABPC 6 weeks after aortic replacement | Complete resolution |
11 | Tan et al. [12] | 59 | Male | 2008 | Pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | Biliary tract infection | VCM + IPM + Surgical intervention | Died |
12 | Tan et al. [12] | 69 | Female | 2008 | Lung cancer on chemotherapy | N/A | 6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis | CatheterAssociate infection | VCM + Removal of catheter | Complete resolution |
13 | Canalejo et al. [25] | 55 | Male | 2008 | DM | Low back pain, Fever, Chills | VITEK 2 automated system (bioMériux), rRNA gene sequencing | Spondylodiscitis | ABPC + GM 8 Weeks → Surgery → LVFX po + ST 6 months | Complete resolution |
14 | Nicolosi et al. [26] | 63 | Male | 2009 | N/A | N/A | Unknown | Bacteremia | N/A | N/A |
15 | Chan et al. [5] | 62 | Female | 2010 | N/A | Fever, Chills, Urinary irritation | BD Phoenix ID/AST Panel Inoculation System | Acute pyelonephritis | CEZ + GM → ABPC → AMPC for total 12 days | Complete resolution |
16 | Chan et al. [5] | 86 | Female | 2010 | Congestive heart failure, HT, Valvular heart disease, Parkinsonism, Dementia, Recent history of hospitalization | Hypotensive, Febrile, Tachycardiac, Tachypneic | BD Phoenix ID/AST Panel Inoculation System | Acute cholangitis | CMZ 16 days → oral antibiotics (unknown) total 23 days | Complete resolution |
17 | Talarmin et al. [7] | 78 | Female | 2011 | DM, HT, Aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve | Fever, Generalized weakness, Weight loss | I6S rRNA sequencing | Prosthetic valve endocarditis | AMPC + GM 2 weeks → AMPC + RFP 4 weeks → relapse 4 months after discontinuation of antibiotics therapy, same antibiotics started as for the initial episode for total 6 weeks | Relapse → Complete resolution |
18 | Sim et al. [20] | 61 | Male | 2012 | Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, DM | Abdominal pain, Fever, Chills, Generalized weakness | Automated MicroScan WalkAway system; sugar fermentation tests | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | CTX → VCM + CPFX → ABPC total 17 days | Complete resolution |
19 | Brulé et al. [18] | 44 | Male | 2013 | Alcoholic liver disease, Atrial fibrillation, Dilated cardiomyopathy | Fever, Diarrhea, Vomit | Gel electrophoresis | Bacteremia, Pyelonephritis | CTRX + MNZ → add AMK → nephrectomy → AMPC total 21 days | Complete resolution |
20 | Anghinah R et al. [10] | 56 | Male | 2013 | HT, DM, Hypercholesterolemia, Cardiac arrhythmia with surgical ablation, Surgical removal of a gastric leiomyoma | Slurred speech, Weight loss, Generalized fatigue, Depressive symptoms, Fever | Unknown | Native valve endocarditis | Oxacillin + GM → ABPC → ABPC + RFP total 4 weeks + replacement of the aortic valve → RFP + AMPC 2 weeks | Complete resolution |
21 | Alfouzan et al.[22] | 48 | Female | 2014 | DM | Abdominal pain, Productive cough, Fever | BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System and DNA sequencing | Multiple splenic abscesses | PIPC/TAZ + VCM + MNZ → Splenectomy → PIPC/TAZ + ABPC + LZD total 2 weeks | Complete resolution |
22 | Dicpinigaitis et al. [27] | 85 | Female | 2015 | HT, Hyperlipidemia | Nausea, Vomit, Abdominal pain | MALDI-TOF MS | Acute Pancreatitis | PIPC/TAZ → CFPM → ABPC total 14 days | Complete resolution |
23 | Bourafa et a. [14] | 50 | Male | 2015 | BPH, DM, Urinary catheterization | Dysuria with cloudy urine, Suprapubic pain, Urinary frequency, and urgency | MALDI-TOF MS | Symptomatic lower UTI | APBC + GM total 10 days | Complete resolution |
24 | Paosinho et al. [3] | 78 | Female | 2016 | Atrial fibrillation, Chronic renal disease | Nausea, Lipothymia, Generalized weakness | Unknown | Acute pyelonephritis | AMPC/CVA → PIPC/TAZ total 14 days | Complete resolution |
25 | Atas et al. [21] | 70 | Female | 2017 | CKD, Dialysis | Abdominal pain, Cloudy dialysate | Unknown | Peritonitis | Intraperitoneal CXM-AX + CPFX PO → did not respond to therapy → VCM 3 weeks → discharge → relapse → Intraperitoneal VCM 3 weeks | Relapse → Complete resolution |
26 | Hee Lee et al. [4] | 78 | Male | 2017 | DM, HT, Coronary arterial occlusive disease | Left flank pain, Febrile sensation | BacT/ALERT 3D Microbial Detection System (bioMérieux Inc., Durham) | Acute Pyelonephritis | CTRX → CPFX po 14 days | Complete resolution |
27 | Hee Lee et al. [4] | 74 | Male | 2017 | DM, HT, Coronary arterial occlusive disease | Left flank pain, Febrile sensation, Chills | BacT/ALERT 3D Microbial Detection System (bioMérieux Inc., Durham) | Acute pyelonephritis | CTRX → CPFX po 14 days | Complete resolution |
28 | Gittemeier et al. [8] | 70 | Male | 2019 | N/A | Bilateral leg edema, Dyspnea on exertion, Fatigue | MALDI-TOF MS | Aortic valve endocarditis | VCM → ABPC + CTRX → Aortic valve replacement → CTRX + PCG total 6 weeks | Complete resolution |
29 | Merlo et al. [17] | 57 | Male | 2019 | DM, COPD, Hepatic cirrhosis Child–Pugh B secondary to HCV | Dyspnea, Disorientation, Fever | MALDI-TOF MS | Pneumonia | PIPC/TAZ + AZM + Rifaximine PO → AMPC/CVA total of 8 days | Complete resolution |
30 | Pinkes et al. [11] | 67 | Female | 2019 | COPD, Recurrent DVT, Atrial fibrillation, HT, Hypothyroidism, Hodgkin’s lymphoma | fever, hypotension, atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response, and a two-week history of lightheadedness | MALDI-TOF–MS | Native-valve endocarditis | Aortic valve replacement, ABPC + CTRX total of 6 weeks | Complete resolution |
31 | Brayer et al. [19] | 7 months | Male | 2019 | Gastroschisis, Jejunal atresia | Fussiness, Fever | Vitek 2 system (bioM.rieux) | Catheter associated infection | VCM + PIPC/TAZ → VCM → VCM + CTRX → ABPC + CTRX and for 2 weeks with synergistic GM | Complete resolution |
Our case | Nakamura et al. | 57 | Male | 2020 | Neurogenic bladder, Alcoholic cirrhosis | 3 days fever and chills | MALDI-TOF–MS | Acute pyelonephritis | CTRX → add ABPC → LZD PO | Complete resolution |