Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, treatment strategy and microbiologic yield of the 440 patients with infective endocarditis (IE), by history of intravenous drug abuse (IDA)
Non-IDA-associated IE | IDA-associated IE | ||
|---|---|---|---|
N = 386 | N = 54 | p | |
Age, years (median ± IQR) | 71 (17) | 41 (18.5) | 0.001 |
Female gender [n (%)] | 138 (35.7) | 15 (27.8) | NS |
BMI (median ± IQR) | 24.3 (5.0) | 23.0 (6.1) | NS |
Renal failure [n (%)] | 102 (26.4) | 8 (14.8) | NS |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 246 (63.7) | 5 (9.2) | 0.001 |
Previous cancer [n (%)] | 89 (23.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.001 |
Diabetes [n (%)] | 80 (20.7) | 2 (3.7) | 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia [n (%)] | 122 (31.6) | 2 (3.7) | 0.001 |
Pacemaker [n (%)] | 45 (11.6) | 7 (12.9) | NS |
Associated viral infections [n (%)] | 19 (4.9) | 45 (83.3) | 0.001 |
First episode of IE [n (%)] | 362 (93.7) | 38 (70.3) | 0.001 |
IE on native valve [n (%)] | 230 (59.5) | 39 (72.2) | NS |
Double-valve IE [n (%)] | 68 (17.6) | 7 (12.9) | NS |
Left-sided IE [n (%)] | 375 (97.1) | 32 (59.2) | 0.001 |
Embolism [n (%)] | 147 (38.1) | 34 (63.0) | 0.001 |
Spondylodiscitis [n (%)] | 28 (7.2) | 9 (16.6) | 0.020 |
Brain embolism [n (%)] | 84 (21.8) | 12 (22.2) | NS |
Paravalvular extension [n (%)] | 88 (22.7) | 13 (22.2) | NS |
Severe valvular dysfunction [n (%)] | 180 (46.6) | 31 (57.1) | NS |
Vegetation length, mm (median ± IQR) | 9.0 (10.0) | 13.0 (12.5) | 0.008 |
Ejection Fraction, % (median ± IQR) | 60.0 (11.0) | 60.0 (10.5) | NS |
TAPSE, mm (mean ± SD) | 21.0 (6.0) | 23.0 (9.5) | 0.02 |
EUROSCORE2 (median ± IQR) | 7.8 (15.2) | 3.6 (4.2) | 0.001 |
No surgical indication [n (%)] | 42 (10.9) | 8 (12.6) | NS |
Excluded from surgery despite indication [n (%)] | 43 (11.1) | 1 (3.1) | NS |
Surgery [n (%)] | 301 (78.0) | 45 (84.1) | NS |
Early surgery [n (%)] | 238 (79.1) | 38 (81.1) | NS |
Polymicrobic IE [n (%)] | 19 (4.9) | 6 (12.7) | NS |
Streptococci [n (%)] | 98 (25.3) | 7 (11.0) | 0.045 |
Staphylococcus aureus [n (%)] | 49 (12.7) | 32 (54.0) | 0.001 |
Negative coagulase Staphylococci [n (%)] | 59 (15.3) | 3 (9.5) | NS |
Enterococci [n (%)] | 79 (20.5) | 7 (14.2) | NS |
Negative culture [n (%)] | 79 (20.5) | 3 (9.5) | 0.008 |
Other [n (%)] | 22 (5.7) | 2 (7.9) | NS |