Table 2 Comorbidity or other characteristics that are risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia among patients > 50 years old hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, after adjustment on age and sex

Alcohol abuse

1.48 [1.38;1.58]

1.64 [1.50;1.78]

1.25 [1.11;1.41]

1.39 [0.87;2.23]

0.163

Tobacco abuse

1.83 [1.73;1.94]

1.79 [1.66;1.93]

1.88 [1.72;2.06]

2.21 [1.58;3.10]

 < 0.0001

HR comorbidities

1.03 [0.99;1.08]

0.94 [0.87;1.01]

1.11 [1.04;1.19]

No HR comorbidity

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

N = 1 HR comorbidity

1.01 [0.96;1.06]

0.93 [0.86;1.01]

1.08 [1.01;1.16]

0.97 [0.82;1.14]

0.6855

N ≥ 2 HR comorbidities

1.15 [1.05;1.26]

0.98 [0.85;1.13]

1.30 [1.14;1.47]

1.39 [0.97;2.00]

0.0766

Type of HR comorbidities

Solid tumor

0.96 [0.91;1.02]

0.90 [0.83;0.98]

1.02 [0.95;1.10]

0.90 [0.75;1.07]

0.2417

Hematological malignancy

1.22 [1.13;1.33]

1.06 [0.92;1.22]

1.30 [1.17;1.45]

1.39 [1.08;1.79]

0.0116

Auto-immune disorders

1.01 [0.91;1.12]

0.89 [0.75;1.06]

1.09 [0.95;1.26]

1.10 [0.75;1.62]

0.6156

Primitive immune deficiency

1.28 [1.10;1.49]

1.15 [0.92;1.43]

1.42 [1.13;1.77]

1.71 [0.87;3.36]

0.1207

Organ transplant recipient

0.89 [0.75;1.05]

0.81 [0.67;0.99]

1.20 [0.86;1.67]

0.76 [0.19;3.11]

0.7055

HIV

1.72 [1.38;2.15]

1.73 [1.36;2.19]

1.77 [0.92;3.38]

–

–

Asplenia—hyposplenia

1.21 [0.90;1.63]

1.40 [0.96;2.05]

0.82 [0.47;1.42]

2.69 [0.96;7.53]

0.0588

AR comorbidities

1.35 [1.25;1.46]

1.53 [1.39;1.69]

1.06 [0.92;1.21]

No AR comorbidity

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

N = 1 AR comorbidity

1.26 [1.15;1.38]

1.33 [1.19;1.49]

1.05 [0.90;1.22]

1.04 [0.72;1.52]

0.8294

N = 2 AR comorbidities

1.49 [1.36;1.62]

1.62 [1.44;1.81]

1.20 [1.04;1.38]

1.16 [0.81;1.67]

0.4162

N = 3 AR comorbidities

1.40 [1.28;1.53]

1.75 [1.55;1.98]

1.06 [0.92;1.23]

1.00 [0.69;1.44]

0.9949

N ≥ 4 AR comorbidities

1.19 [1.08;1.31]

1.60 [1.39;1.84]

0.87 [0.74;1.01]

0.92 [0.63;1.33]

0.6542

Type of AR comorbidities

Chronic cardiac diseases

1.03 [0.98;1.09]

1.07 [0.99;1.15]

0.98 [0.90;1.06]

1.09 [0.88;1.34]

0.4324

Malnutrition

0.98 [0.94;1.03]

1.29 [1.19;1.40]

0.82 [0.77;0.88]

1.03 [0.90;1.18]

0.6242

Chronic respiratory diseases

1.91 [1.83;2.00]

2.04 [1.90;2.20]

1.94 [1.82;2.06]

1.38 [1.19;1.60]

 < 0.0001

Diabetes mellitus

0.96 [0.91;1.02]

1.02 [0.93;1.11]

0.96 [0.89;1.03]

0.76 [0.63;0.93]

0.0079

Neurodegenerative diseases

0.52 [0.49;0.56]

0.56 [0.46;0.69]

0.48 [0.44;0.53]

0.68 [0.58;0.80]

 < 0.0001

Chronic kidney diseases

0.89 [0.83;0.94]

0.88 [0.77;0.99]

0.86 [0.79;0.93]

1.00 [0.86;1.16]

0.9677

Stroke

0.64 [0.60;0.69]

0.70 [0.61;0.81]

0.60 [0.55;0.66]

0.74 [0.61;0.89]

0.0012

Chronic liver diseases

1.38 [1.27;1.50]

1.45 [1.30;1.62]

1.35 [1.18;1.55]

0.81 [0.47;1.38]

0.4372