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Table 2 Parameters of heart rate variability of the time- and frequency-domains and non-linear analysis (expressed as median and interquartile interval) at the baseline condition in patients belonging to the studied groups: HIV seronegative controls (n = 35) and HIV seropositive patients of Group 1 (treated with 3TC, TDF, EFV, n = 44) and Group 2 (treated with 3TC + AZT; 3TC + TDF + LPV/r, n = 42) with suppressed viremia

From: Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens

 

HIV seronegative controls

HIV seropositive

p value

Group 1

(3TC, TDF, EFV)

Group 2

(3TC + AZT; 3TC + TDF + LPV/r)

Number

35

44

42

–

Time-domain analysis

   

–

 Mean RRi (ms)

834.00 (161.10)

815.75 (206.75)

835.95 (198.20)

NS (0.830)

 STD RR (SDNN) (ms)

46.30 (24.90)

37.65 (26.88)

35.00 (20.98)

NS (0.147)

 pNN50

9.13 (29.27)

3.00 (11.45)*

1.45(16.30)*

0.018

 RMSSD

42.15 (29.83)

23.20 (21.78)*

23.20 (25.95)*

 < 0.001

Frequency-domain analysis

    

 LF (Hz)

0.10 (0.04)

0.04 (0.05)*

0.04 (0.01)*

 < 0.001

 LF power (ms2)

410.00 (839.20)

409.00 (550.00)

291.00 (462.50)

NS (0.674)

 LF (n.u.)

58.84 (45.08)

66.75 (17.53)

67.60 (26.70)

NS (0.149)

 HF (Hz)

0.29 (0.11)

0.22 (0.16)*

0.24 (0.14)*

0.006

 HF power (ms2)

308.90 (506.06)

177.00 (311.25)

154.50 (509.75)

NS (0.694)

 HF (n.u.)

29.40 38.71)

33.55 (17.53)

32.40 (26.70)

NS (0.679)

 LF/HF ratio

2.00 (3.85)

1.98 (1.74)

2.09 (2.19)

NS (0.917)

Non-linear analysis

    

 Poincaré Plot

    

  SD1 (ms)

20.01 (21.11)

16.80 (15.28)

16.50 (18.28)

NS (0.771)

  SD2 (ms)

54.80 (30.69)

52.45 (32.05)

46.00 (31.43)

NS (0.499)

 Recurrence plot

    

  Mean line length (beats)

12.45 (6.82)

13.52 (5.86)

14.18 (7.25)

NS (0.173)

  Max line length (beats)

200.00 (273.00)

275.00 (387.75)

374.50 (335.50)

NS (0.186)

  Recurrence rate (%)

34.96 (16.15)

38.17 (11.94)

39.14 (15.52)

NS (0.284)

  Determinism rate (%)

98.79 (2.09)

98.97 (1.06)

99.00 (1.88)

NS (0.520)

 Detrended fluctuation analysis

    

  α1

1.14 (0.53)

1.17 (0.24)

1.09 (0.26)

NS (0.232)

  α2

0.91 (0.27)

0.97 (0.21)

0.93 (0.28)

NS (0.980)

 Complexity

    

  Approximate entropy (ApEn)

1.16 (0.25)

1.22 (0.24)

1.25 (1.20)

NS (0.403)

  Sample entropy (SampEn)

1.38 (0.44)

1.45 (0.42)

1.47 (0.56)

NS (0.961)

  Correlation dimension (D2)

3.30 (2.91)

1.17 (2.89)*

0.89 (3.31)*

0.019

  1. Data are expressed as median (percentile 25, percentile 75). P = significance level from Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA; NS = non-significant; LF = low frequency; HF = high frequency; LH/HF = ratio between low and high frequency bands; n.u. = normalized units. 3TC = lamivudine, TDF = tenofovir, EFV: efavirenz, AZT = zidovudine, LPV = lopinavir, r = ritonavir
  2. *p < 0.05 versus control group
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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