Skip to main content

Table 3 Analysis of risk factors associated with positive urine test for Chlamydia trachomatis

From: Prevalence estimates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Belgium: results from two cross-sectional studies

CT1 study

 

Negative urine test

Positive urine test

Univariate OR (95% CI)

p-value

Multivariable OR (95% CI)a

p-value

Multivariable OR (95% CI)b

p-value

Gender

 Female

416

6

1

     

 Male

343

5

1.01 (0.31, 3.34)

0.99

1.02 (0.29, 3.40)

0.98

1.63 (0.41, 6.87)

0.49

Age group

 16–29 y/o age

178

3

1

     

 30–44 y/o age

274

5

1.08 (0.26, 4.59)

0.91

1.09 (0.26, 5.35)

0.91

1.13 (0.23, 6.27)

0.88

 45–59 y/o age

307

3

0.58 (0.12, 2.90)

0.50

0.580 (0.30, 3.49)

0.51

0.53 (0.07, 3.46)

0.50

Last sexual partner

 Steady

552

5

1

     

 Casual

70

4

6.31 (1.66, 24.1)

< 0.01

4.63 (1.06, 19)

0.03

3.17 (0.43, 19.7)

0.23

Nr. of sexual partners in the last 12 months

 1 partner

526

6

1

     

 3 or more partners

58

3

4.53 (1.10, 18.6)

0.02

1.75 (0.95, 3)

0.05

1.28 (0.58, 2.8)

0.53

Ever been tested for STI

 No

408

4

1

     

 Yes

272

6

2.25 (0.63, 8.05)

0.20

2.11 (0.59, 8.36)

0.25

1.14 (0.27, 4.92)

0.86

Condom use during last intercourse

 Yes

64

1

1

     

 No

561

8

0.91 (0.11, 7.41)

0.93

1.33 (0.23, 25.4)

0.79

2.13 (0.33, 42.3)

0.50

Level of education (lowest = 1, highest = 4)

  

1.52 (0.65, 5.74)

0.43

1.62 (0.66, 6.4)

0.39

1.88 (0.59, 12.1)

0.39

CT2 study

 

Negative urine test

Positive urine test

Univariate OR (95% CI)

p-value

Multivariable OR (95% CI)a

p-value

Multivariable OR (95% CI)c

p-value

Gender

 Female

405

7

1

     

 Male

348

3

0.50 (0.13, 1.94)

0.31

0.501 (0.11, 1.82)

0.32

0.46 (0.06, 2.18)

0.36

Age group

 18–29 y/o age

122

3

1

     

 30–44 y/o age

297

2

0.27 (0.05, 1.66)

0.13

0.266 (0.03, 1.63)

0.15

0.23 (0.01, 1.90)

0.21

 45–59 y/o age

334

5

0.61 (0.14, 2.59)

0.50

0.611 (0.15, 3.02)

0.50

0.82 (0.14, 4.78)

0.82

Relationship status

 Married or legally cohabitating

460

5

1

     

 Single

215

1

10.7 (1.24, 92)

0.01

9.59 (1.28, 195)

0.05

7.3 (0.75, 166)

0.11

 Single, divorced or widowed

293

9

14.1 (1.78, 112)

< 0.01

15.2 (2.8, 284)

0.01

13.0 (1.98, 254)

0.02

Nr. of sexual partners in the last 12 months

 1 partner

535

6

1

     

 2 partners

24

1

3.72 (0.43, 32.1)

0.20

3.21 (0.16, 21.4)

0.30

1.38 (0.07, 9.23)

0.08

Sexual intercourse before age 15

 No

623

8

1

     

 Yes

31

1

2.51 (0.30, 20.7)

0.38

2.36 (0.12, 13.6)

0.43

2.55 (0.13, 17.1)

0.41

Ever been tested for STI (excl. HIV)

 No

341

6

      

 Yes

318

3

0.54 (0.13, 2.16)

0.37

0.484 (0.10, 1.86)

0.31

0.58 (0.11, 2.77)

0.49

Tested for STI (excl. HIV) in the last 12 months

 No

600

8

      

 Yes

59

1

1.27 (0.16, 10.3)

0.82

1.20 (0.06, 6.86)

0.87

1.11 (0.05, 7.4)

0.93

Ever been tested for HIV

 No

399

6

1

     

 Yes

300

3

0.66 (0.16, 2.68)

0.56

0.649(0.13, 2.49)

0.54

0.69 (0.13, 3.32)

0.65

Tested for HIV in the last 12 months

 No

647

8

1

     

 Yes

52

1

1.56 (0.19, 12.7)

0.68

1.61 (0.09, 9.19)

0.66

1.37 (0.07, 9.18)

0.78

Health literacy level

 Low/limited

231

3

1

     

 Sufficient

466

6

0.99 (0.25, 4.00)

0.99

1.05 (0.27, 5.06)

0.94

1.44 (0.3, 10.3)

0.67

Nationality

 Belgian

630

9

1

     

 Other

123

1

0.57 (0.07, 4.53)

0.59

0.553 (0.03, 2.99)

0.58

–

–

Level of education (lowest = 1, highest = 4)

  

0.807 (0.34, 2.23)

0.65

0.8 (0.33, 2.2)

0.64

0.74 (0.20, 3.09)

0.66

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, STI sexually transmitted infection, excl. excluding, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, Nr. number
  2. aMultivariable analysis adjusting for gender and age in years
  3. bMultivariable analysis adjusting for gender, age in years, number of sexual partners and type of sexual partner
  4. cMultivariable analysis adjusting for gender, age in years, number of sexual partners and civil status