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Table 3 Pooled frequencies of patient co-infection characteristics and outcomes (n = 115)

From: Clinical outcomes in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus: a scoping review

 

Total (%)

Gender

 Male

75 (65.3 )

 Female

37 (32.1)

 Unspecified

3 (2.6)

Staphylococcal Species

 MSSA

59 (51.3)

 MRSA

57 (49.6)

Co-infection

Klebsiella pneumoniae

6 (5.2)

 Candida spp.

6 (5.2)

 Enterococcus spp.

5 (4.3)

Hemophilus influenzae

2 (1.7)

Escherichia coli

2 (1.7)

Proteus mirabilis

2 (1.7)

Acinetobacter baumannii

2 (1.7)

 Bacillus spp.

1 (0.9)

Staphylococcus epidermidis

1 (0.9)

 Micrococcus spp.

1 (0.9)

 Pseudomonas spp.

1 (0.9)

Morganella morganii

1 (0.9)

Citrobacter werkmanii

1 (0.9)

S. maltophilia

1 (0.9)

 Hepatitis C

1 (0.9)

 Herpes simplex virus

1 (0.9)

 Group B Streptococcus

1 (0.9)

 None

83 (72.2)

S. Aureus Diagnostic Test

 Blood culture

74 (64.3)

 Tracheal aspirate

46 (40.0)

 Sputum sample

11 (9.5)

 Nasal swab

2 (1.7)

 Lower respiratory tract sample

2 (1.7)

 Chronic carrier

2 (1.7)

 Wound culture

1 (0.9)

S. aureus Diagnosis

 Bacteremia

74 (63.4)

 Pneumonia

64 (55.7)

 Ventilator-associated

44 (38.3)

 Endocarditis/vasculitis

4 (3.5)

 Cellulitis

2 (1.7)

 Chronic carrier

2 (1.7)

 Osteomyelitis

1 (0.9)

 Not reported

2 (1.7)

S. Aureus Infection Onset

 Hospital

88 (76.5)

 Community

19 (16.5)

 Unclear

7 (6.1)

Complications

 Sepsis/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

27 (23.5)

 Acute kidney injury

6 (5.2 

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

5 (4.3)

 Pneumonia

5 (4.3)

 Multi-organ dysfunction/failure

5 (4.3)

 Bleeding/coagulopathy

5 (4.3)

 Hypoxic respiratory failure

3 (2.6)

 Myopathy/neuropathy

3 (2.6)

 Abscess formation

2 (1.7)

 Confusion and altered mental status

2 (1.7)

 Atrial fibrillation

2 (1.7)

 Endocarditis

2 (1.7)

 Anemia

1 (0.9)

 Cardiac arrest

1 (0.9)

 Thrombocytopenia

1 (0.9)

 Re-amputation

1 (0.9)

 Cholestatic liver injury

1 (0.9)

 Not reported

3 (2.6)

ICU

 Yes

62 (53.9)

 No

5 (4.3)

 Not reported

48 (41.8)

Outcome

 Death

71 (61.7)

 Discharge

41 (35.7)

 Hospital

2 (1.7)

 Hospice

1 (0.9)