Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) variants concerning hepatitis C virus (HCV) spontaneous clearance in hemodialysis individuals: a case–control study

Table 1 Characteristics of HD individuals concerning outcome of HCV infection

Parameter	Spontaneous HCV clearance n = 83	Persistent HCV RNA positivity n = 104	P value^a
Male gender	43 (51.8)	57 (54.8)	0.768
Age at RRT onset, years	53.3 (7.2–85.9)	47.3 (8.7 –79.5)	0.011
Diabetic nephropathy	19 (22.9)	17 (16.3)	0.270
Chronic glomerulonephritis	16 (19.3)	37 (35.6)	0.015
Hypertensive nephropathy	9 (10.8)	11 (10.6)	1.000
RRT duration, years	7.12 (0.19–34.01)	13.32 (0.65–32.81)	0.002
BMI, kg/m²	24.43 (16.23–37.93)	23.18 (15.22–44.8)	0.165
HBsAg positivity	7 (8.4)	5 (4.8)	0.375
ALT, IU/L	12.9 (3–63)	22 (2–195)	0.0001
AST, IU/L	15 (8–50)	22 (7–152)	0.00005
ALP, IU/L	86.63 (45–803.75)	110 (34.5–647.25)	0.024
GGT, IU/L	19.7 (7–692)	39 (4–498)	0.001
C-reactive protein, mg/L	5.4 (0.3–105.5)	5.4 (0–90.7)	0.536
Albumin, g/dL	3.9 (2–36)	3.8 (1.9–38)	0.513
Platelet count, × 10⁹/L	177 (93–397)	177 (70–405)	0.353
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	156 (98.9–280)	158 (65–259)	0.394
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	38 (16.5–88)	40 (13–102)	0.318
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	82.5 (32–186.3)	84 (17.4–174)	0.700
TG (mg/dL)	139 (36.3–479)	139 (32–419)	0.577
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	120.25 (52–241)	117 (22.5–225)	0.306
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio	0.641 (0.101–1.81)	0.632 (0.084–2.875)	0.987
HDL/TC ratio	0.236 (0.111–0.505)	0.272 (0.094–0.685)	0.054
TG/HDL cholesterol ratio	3.38 (0.65–25.55)	3.29 (0.74–27.93)	0.471
TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio ≥ 3.8	29 (41.4%)	38 (40.9%)	1.000
IFNL4 rs368234815 TT/TT	46 (55.4%)	33 of 102 (32.4%)	0.002

Results are presented as median and range (minimum–maximum) or the number of individuals presenting the indicated parameter with the % of the total of tested individuals shown in parentheses
^aMann–Whitney test for quantitative variables, Fisher’s exact test for dichotomous variables
Conversion factors to SI units are as follows: for alanine aminotransferase—1 IU/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for albumin—1 g/dL = 10 g/L, for alkaline phosphatase—1 IU/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for aspartate aminotransferase—1 IU/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for cholesterols—1 mg/dL = 0.0259 mmol/L, for C-reactive protein—1 mg/L = 9.524 nmol/L, for gamma-glutamyltransferase—1 IU/L = 0.0167 µkat/L, for triglycerides—1 mg/dL = 0.0113 mmol/L
ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, Anti-HCV antibodies against hepatitis C virus, BMI body mass index, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, HBsAg surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, HD hemodialysis, RRT renal replacement therapy

ISSN: 1471-2334