Table 3 Characteristics of respondents and univariable comparison of mean PozQoL scores in people living with HIV in Spain (n = 400) and Romania (n = 170)
From: Quality of life in people living with HIV in Romania and Spain
Romania | Spain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PozQoL mean score | PozQoL mean score | |||||
Mean | 95% CI | p value | Mean | 95% CI | p value | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Age (years): median (IQR) | 3.50 | 3.38–3.62 | 0.531 | 3.50 | 3.43–3.57 | 0.037 |
Gender | ||||||
Men | 3.48 | 3.33–3.63 | 0.772 | 3.57 | 3.48–3.65 | 0.0195 |
Women | 3.51 | 3.33–3.69 | 3.38 | 3.24–3.51 | ||
Other | 2.82 | 1.42–4.22 | ||||
Ethnicity (Romania only) | ||||||
Romanian | 3.57 | 3.44–3.70 | 0.002 | |||
Roma | 3.10 | 2.84–3.36 | ||||
Migrant status (Spain only) | ||||||
Born in Spain | 3.56 | 3.48–3.64 | 0.0117 | |||
Born abroad | 3.35 | 3.20–3.50 | ||||
Sex orientation | ||||||
Heterosexual | 3.50 | 3.38–3.63 | < 0.001 | 3.47 | 3.38–3.53 | 0.423 |
Homosexual/Bisexual | 2.95 | 2.53–3.36 | 3.53 | 3.41–3.66 | ||
Educational level | ||||||
No education | 3.06 | 2.54–3.58 | 0.193 | 3.04 | 2.18–3.90 | 0.1372 |
Primary | 3.28 | 2.80–3.76 | 3.41 | 3.25–3.57 | ||
Secondary | 3.50 | 3.36–3.64 | 3.53 | 3.43–3.63 | ||
University + | 3.65 | 3.38–3.92 | 3.60 | 3.46–3.75 | ||
Employment | ||||||
Full- or Part-time | 3.86 | 3.58–4.15 | < 0.001 | 3.58 | 3.49–3.67 | 0.0131 |
Unemployed | 3.69 | 3.51–3.87 | 3.27 | 3.09–3.45 | ||
Other (student, retired, disabled) | 3.30 | 3.13–3.46 | 3.47 | 3.29–3.65 | ||
Stable housing | ||||||
No | 3.52 | 3.33–3.71 | 0.744 | 3.41 | 3.21–3.61 | 0.349 |
Yes (own or rent) | 3.48 | 3.32–3.64 | 3.51 | 3.44–3.59 | ||
Money for basic needs | ||||||
Not always | 3.38 | 3.23–3.53 | 0.010 | 3.29 | 3.18–3.40 | 0.0000 |
Always | 3.69 | 3.50–3.88 | 3.73 | 3.64–3.81 | ||
HIV-related characteristics | ||||||
Year of diagnosis | ||||||
After 2010 | 3.39 | 3.09–3.69 | 0.456 | 3.47 | 3.34–3.61 | 0.474 |
1995–2010 | 3.46 | 3.26–3.66 | 3.45 | 3.31–3.60 | ||
Before 1995 | 3.58 | 3.41–3.75 | 3.56 | 3.44–3.68 | ||
ART status | ||||||
No | 3.15 | 2.70–3.61 | 0.570 | 2.90 | 1.46–4.33 | 0.045 |
Yes | 3.50 | 3.38–3.62 | 3.50 | 4.43–3.57 | ||
Adherence to ART | ||||||
Fully adherent | 3.52 | 3.37–3.67 | 0.738 | 3.55 | 3.47–3.62 | 0.446 |
Not fully adherent | 3.58 | 3.26–3.90 | 3.26 | 1.33–5.18 | ||
Health-related characteristics | ||||||
Self-rated health | ||||||
Bad | 3.07 | 2.70–3.44 | < 0.001 | 2.82 | 2.25–3.39 | < 0.001 |
Fair | 3.15 | 2.91–3.39 | 3.09 | 2.90–3.27 | ||
Good | 3.63 | 3.50–3.77 | 3.61 | 3.53–3.68 | ||
Physical health problems | ||||||
No | 3.61 | 3.47–3.74 | 0.015 | 3.57 | 3.48–3.65 | 0.019 |
Yes | 3.25 | 3.00–3.50 | 3.36 | 3.22–3.51 | ||
Mental health problems | ||||||
No | 3.54 | 3.42–3.66 | 0.019 | 3.65 | 3.58–3.73 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 2.86 | 2.33–3.39 | 3.03 | 2.86–3.20 | ||
Total number of comorbidities | ||||||
None | 3.56 | 3.43–3.69 | 0.500 | 3.57 | 3.48–3.66 | 0.1427 |
1 | 3.36 | 3.00–3.71 | 3.47 | 3.29–3.66 | ||
2 + | 3.29 | 2.83–3.76 | 3.36 | 3.03–3.70 | ||
Polypharmacy | ||||||
No | 3.55 | 3.42–3.67 | 0.039 | 3.53 | 3.44–3.61 | 0.093 |
Yes | 3.12 | 2.74–3.50 | 3.38 | 3.24–3.53 | ||
Behavioral characteristics | ||||||
Binge drinking | ||||||
Weekly | 3.51 | 3.36–3.66 | 0.303 | 3.45 | 3.15–3.76 | 0.3978 |
Monthly | 3.52 | 3.25–3.79 | 3.38 | 3.09–3.66 | ||
Less than once a month | 3.17 | 2.81–3.54 | 3.60 | 3.46–3.75 | ||
Never | 3.54 | 3.44–3.64 | 3.49 | 3.40–3.58 | ||
Tobacco use | ||||||
No | 3.55 | 3.40–3.70 | 0.193 | 3.53 | 3.43–3.62 | 0.504 |
Yes | 3.39 | 3.20–3.58 | 3.48 | 3.37–3.59 | ||
Injecting drugs use | ||||||
Never | 3.48 | 3.36–3.60 | < 0.001 | 3.50 | 3.41–3.58 | 0.069 |
Yes, previously | 4.41 | 4.10–4.72 | 3.62 | 3.47–3.78 | ||
Yes, currently | 3.46 | – | 3.24 | 2.91–3.58 | ||