Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of 42 studies included in the meta-analysis by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
Authors (year) | Selection (4) | Comparability of Cohorts (2) | Outcome (3) | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness of exposed cohort | Selection of non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at the start of study | Study control for age and sex | Additional factors; controlled for ≥ 2 variables including comorbidities | Assessment of outcome | Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur | Adequacy of follow up of cohorts | ||
Albitar et al. [51] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Al‐Salameh et al. [52] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Barman et al. [50] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Berenguer et al. [49] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Caliskan and Saylan [82] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Chen, et al. [46] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Chen et al. [47] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Chen et al. [48] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Chilimuri et al. [45] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Colombi et al. [55] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Cummings et al. [71] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Du et al. [44] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Fabio et al. [43] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Grasselli et al. [42] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Guan et al. [41] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Hernández-Galdamez et al. [40] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Klang et al. [39] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Kuderer et al. [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Lee et al. [37] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Lee et al.[36] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Li et al. [35] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Lim et al. [34] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Mehra et al. [33] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Mikami et al. [32] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Palaiodimos et al. [31] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Parra-Bracamonte et al. [30] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Petrilli et al. [29] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Pettit et al. [28] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Price-Haywood et al. [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Priyank et al. [26] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Regalado-Artamendi et al. [74] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Rivera-Izquierdo et al. [25] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Shah et al. [24] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Shi et al. [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Soares et al. [22] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Su et al. [54] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
van Gerwen et al. [21] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Wang et al. [20] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Wu et al. [53] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Xu et al. [19] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Yao et al. [18] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Yu et al. [83] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Zhou et al. [17] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |