From: Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Peru: systematic review and meta-analysis
Study ID | Setting (department) [altitude] | Population | Diagnostic procedure | Prevalence estimate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Huaroto Sedda 1990 [30] | National Hospital “Edgardo Rebagliati Martins” (Lima) [160 m] | 1511 patients in Gastroenterology Service | – String capsule – Enterotest (1 sample) | 2.4% |
Rodriguez 1991 [18] | Tarapoto, Amazon basin (San Martin) [141 m] | 110 preschool children | – Direct smear – Faust floaty concentration – Willis floating – Graham’s tape | 16% |
Egido 2001 [24] | Clinical Hospital, Puerto Maldonado, Amazon Basin (Madre de Dios) [139 m] | 1133 outpatients with diarrhea (children and adults) | – Direct fecal smears with saline solution and Lugol stain (3 samples) | 19.5% |
Marcos Raymundo 2002 [19] | Rural survey, province of Jauja (Junin) [3391 m] | 188 children (1–16 years old) | – Spontaneous tube sedimentation technique – Formalin-ether concentration – Rapid sedimentation technique, modified by Lumbreras | 1.5% |
Marcos 2002 [16] | Hospital cross-sectional study, Iquitos (Loreto) [100 m] | 41 adults (20 from Military Hospital, 21 from Regional Hospital) | – Direct microscopy – Kato-Katz technique – Spontaneous tube sedimentation technique – Modified Baermann method | 45 and 4.8% |
Marcos 2003 [25] | Community survey, rural and urban populations of Sandia (Puno) [2135 m] | 72 children and adults | – Direct microscopy – Kato-Katz technique – Spontaneous tube sedimentation technique – Modified Baermann method | 1.4% |
Ministry of Health 2003 [10] | Cross-sectional studies (countrywide) | 294 studies and 214,199 people | – Various | 6.6% |
Ibañez 2004 [20] | Survey in rural community, Chancay district, Huaral province (Lima) [43 m] | 1049 children (6–15 years old) | – Direct examination – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Rapid sedimentation technique modified by Lumbreras – Kato-Katz technique – Baermann method modified by Lumbreras | 0.8% |
Lau Chong 2005 [7] | Survey in rural community, Peruvian Amazon, Oxapampa province (Pasco) [NA] [1814 m] | 129 children and adults | – Simple direct smear – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Baermann method modified by Lumbreras – Dancescu culture – Agar plate culture technique | 38.5% |
Yori PP 2006 [11] | Survey in rural community on Nanay River, Amazon Basin (Loreto) [100 m] | 908 children and adults | – Direct smear – Baermann method – Simple sedimentation – ELISA positive | 8.7% 72% seroprevalence |
Garcia 2006 [15] | Cayetano Heredia National Hospital, Lima (Lima) [160 m] | 217 patients with HIV/AIDS | – Direct examination – Kato-Katz technique – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Baermann method modified by Lumbreras – Rapid sedimentation technique modified by Lumbreras – Ziehl Neelsen stain | 6% |
Crotti 2007 [26] | Chacas Hospital (Lima) [3300–3500 m] | 91 patients (38 children + 53 adults) | – Microscopic observations (direct and after formalin-ether concentration) – Giemsa permanent stain | 0.3% |
Natividad-Carpio 2007 [8] | Community survey, Chancay district, Huaral province (Lima) [161 m] | 173 children (2–20 years-old) | – Direct examination – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Rapid sedimentation technique modified by Lumbreras – Kato-Katz technique – Baermann method, modified by Lumbreras | 1.1% |
Machicado 2012 [21] | Rural survey, Tambopata province (Madre de Dios). Peruvian Rainforest [200 m] | 73 children (2–20 years old) | – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Kato-Katz technique – Modified Baermann method – Agar plate culture – Harada-Mori culture – Direct smear examination | 16% |
Cabada 2014 [27] | Rural survey following deworming campaign, southern Peruvian Amazon (Madre de Dios) [600 m] | 290 members of the Matsiguenga ethnic group | – Direct examination – Rapid sedimentation – Kato-Katz technique | 5.6% |
Cabada 2014 [22] | Rural communities survey around Cusco [3300–3500 m] | 227 children (3–12 years old) | – Direct examination – Rapid sedimentation – Kato-Katz technique | 0.9% |
Cabada 2016 [23] | Rural survey communities around Cusco (Cusco) [3300–3500 m] | 1230 children (3–16 years old) | – Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests – Kato-Katz technique (3 samples) | 2% |
Garaycochea 2018 [28] | Provinces of Huaral, Oyón, Yauyos and Huarochirí. (Lima) [188–3600–2800-3100 m] | 359 (children < 5 years old) | – Direct sedimentation methods – Heidenhain’s iron hematoxylin smear test – Modified Ziehl Neelsen – Graham’s method | 6.8% |
Morales 2019 [29] | Community survey, rural population around Cusco: Quellouno [800 m] and Limatambo [2554 m] [3300 m] | 462 participants (children and adults) | – Baermann’s method – Agar plate culture – Sedimentation tests (1 sample) | 24.5%* 26.4%** low altitude 18.6 high altitude |
Errea 2019 [9] | Rural community surveys in Padre Cocha (Amazon Basin) (Loreto) [100 m] | 124 children | – Direct smear analysis – Kato-Katz technique – Spontaneous tube sedimentation – Baermann’s method – Agar plate culture (1 sample) | 10.5% |
Ortiz-Martínez 2020 [17] | Survey, urban and periurban Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon (Loreto) [100 m] | 300 pregnant women (adults) | – Baermann’s method – Charcoal culture – Kato-Katz technique – ELISA (1 sample) | 10% 30% seroprevalence |