Fig. 1

Phylogeny and geography of BoDV-1 from endemic areas. A Phylogenetic analysis of BoDV-1 sequences. Representative partial human and animal BoDV-1 sequences (1824 nucleotides, representing genome positions 54 to 1877 of BoDV-1 reference genome U04608) from the endemic regions in Germany (GER), Austria (AUT), Switzerland (SUI) and Liechtenstein (LIE) were analysed by Neighbor-Joining algorithm and Jukes-Cantor distance model in Geneious Prime. The tree was rooted using sequence BoDV-2 No/98 (AJ311524, not shown). The sequence generated in this study is depicted in black and bold. Previously published sequences from alpacas and horses from the federal state of Brandenburg (BB) are depicted in grey. Values at branches represent support in 1000 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap values ≥70 at major branches are shown. Cluster designations, host and geographic origin are indicated according to previously published work [1,2,3, 7, 9,10,11,12,13]. B The human case reported in this study is presented together with previously published BoDV-1 infections of alpacas and horses in Brandenburg and sequence-confirmed BoDV-1 infections of shrews (triangles), domestic mammals (circles) and humans (squares) with available geographic localization in known endemic regions [1,2,3, 7, 9,10,11,12,13]. Colors represent regional BoDV-1 sequence clusters (see Figure 1A). Human cases are generally marked at the centre of their county of residence. Imprecise geographic information and/or aberrant infection sources due to travel cannot be excluded for humans and domestic mammals. The area within the dashed blue line represents the presumed endemic area of BoDV-1. Grey letters represent federal states in Germany (BB: Brandenburg; BW: Baden-Wuerttemberg; BY: Bavaria; HE: Hesse; NI: Lower Saxony; SN: Saxony; ST: Saxony-Anhalt; TH: Thuringia) and Austria (UA: Upper Austria; VA: Vorarlberg) and cantons in Switzerland (GR: Grisons; SG: St. Gall) for which confirmed BoDV-1 infections are presented