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Table 4 Distribution of antibiotics resistance and virulence factors among in- and out-patients

From: Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

In-patient, n/N (%)

Out-patient, n/N (%)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

A. Main antibiotic groups

 Aminoglycosides

403/1432 (28.1)

478/1637 (29.2)

0.96 (0.83–1.12)

0.631

 Sulfonamides

610/1021 (59.7)

509/867 (58.7)

1.02 (0.88–1.18)

0.817

 Cyclines

416/614 (67.8)

82/107 (76.6)

0.88 (0.65–1.21)

0.441

 Fosfomycin

0

9/107 (8.4)

11.3 (0.21–603.0)

0.232

 Nitrofurans

130/952 (13.7)

167/534 (31.3)

0.44 (0.34–0.56)

< 0.0001

 Quinolones

1333/2217 (60.1)

623/1739 (35.8)

1.68 (1.50–1.88)

< 0.0001

 Beta-lactams

2244/5622 (39.9)

2166/6342 (34.2)

0.86 (0.80–0.92)

< 0.0001

B. Beta-lactams classes

 Aminopenicillins

846/1117 (75.7)

311/440 (70.7)

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

0.427

 Carbapenems

2/659 (0.3)

5/689 (0.7)

0.41 (0.8–2.16)

0.298

 Monobactams

77/150 (51.3)

1/204 (0.5)

104.7 (14.4–761.4)

< 0.0001

 Beta-lactam+Inhibitors

273/754 (36.2)

331/796 (41.6)

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

0.150

 Cephalosporins

1046/2942 (35.6)

1518/4213 (36.0)

1.01 (0.93–1.11)

0.776

C. Cephalosporins classes

 1GCs

210/491 (42.8)

160/462 (34.6)

1.24 (0.97–1.57)

0.087

 2GCs

118/518 (22.8)

375/894 (41.9)

0.54 (0.43–0.69)

< 0.0001

 3GCs

571/1648 (34.7)

850/2190 (38.8)

0.89 (0.89–1.01)

0.072

 4GCs

147/285 (51.6)

133/667 (19.9)

2.59 (1.97–3.40)

< 0.0001

D. Virulence factors groups

 Adhesins

1635/3309 (49.4)

681/1739 (39.2)

1.3 (1.13–1.40)

< 0.0001

 Siderophore systems

276/428 (64.5)

371/1121 (33.1)

1.9 (1.61–2.36)

< 0.0001

 Toxins

312/1418 (22.0)

217/1246 (17.4)

1.3 (1.05–1.53)

0.016

 Immune suppressors

200/276 (72.5)

674/1339 (50.3)

1.4 (1.17–1.77)

0.001