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Table 3 Univariate analysis of covariates associated with central nervous system involvement

From: Comparison of the clinical features and outcome of children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to visceral leishmaniasis and primary HLH: a single-center study

CNS involvement

Total

P-Value

Primary HLH

P-Value

VL-associated HLH

P-Value

Variables

Yes (n = 23)

n (%)

No (n = 37)

n (%)

 

Yes (n = 18)

No (n = 22)

 

Yes (n = 5)

No (n = 15)

 

Age

 <24 months

20 (87)

22 (59.5)

0.024*

16 (88.9)

11 (50)

0.016*

4 (80)

11 (73.3)

> 0.999

 ≥ 24 months

3 (13)

15 (40.5)

2 (11.1)

11 (50)

1 (20)

4 (26.7)

Sex

 Male

16 (69.6)

18 (48.6)

0.112

14 (77.8)

10 (45.5)

0.054

2 (40)

8 (53.3)

> 0.999

 Female

7 (30.4)

19 (51.4)

4 (22.2)

12 (54.5)

3 (60)

7 (46.7)

Platelet <100000/μl

18 (78.3)

22 (59.5)

0.133

15 (83.3)

16 (72.7)

0.476

3 (60)

6 (40)

0.617

Bicytopenia

22 (95.7)

26 (70.3)

0.020*

17 (94.4)

17 (77.3)

0.197

5 (100)

9 (60)

0.260

Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL

9 (39.1)

23 (62.2)

0.082

7 (38.9)

13 (59.1)

0.341

2 (40)

10 (66.7)

0.347

ALT>2 × ULN (IU/L)

12 (52.2)

13 (35.1)

0.193

12 (66.7)

9 (40.9)

0.125

0 (0)

4 (26.7)

0.530

BM. hemophagocytosis

5 (21.7)

1 (2.7)

0.027*

5 (27.8)

1 (4.5)

0.073

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

Bleeding tendency

4 (17.4)

1 (2.7)

0.066

4 (22.2)

1 (4.5)

0.155

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

  1. ULN upper limit of normal, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BM bone marrow, CNS central nervous system
  2. *statistically significant