Skip to main content

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and the results of the univariate and multiple generalized linear mixed models analyses, n = 886

From: A multicentre interventional study to assess blood-borne viral infections in Belgian prisons

  

Univariate

Multivariate

Characteristics

n (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95%CI)

Birth year (mean ± IQR)

1981 ± 1974–1990

0.161

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

  

Gender

Male

825 (93.1)

 

ref

  

Female

61 (6.9)

0.487

0.6 (0.1–2.1)

  

Site of inclusion

Pre-trial detention

229 (33.7)

0.552

1.3 (0.5–3.8)

  

Long term detention

587 (66.3)

 

ref

  

Country of birth

Belgium

612 (69.1)

 

ref

  

Other

271 (30.6)

0.022

0.4 (0.1–0.8)

  

Low-moderate HCV prevalence

224 (82.7)

    

Moderate-high HCV prevalence

47 (17.3)

    

Missing

3 (0.3)

    

Incarcerated before

Yes

566 (63.9)

0.004

3.4 (1.6–8.4)

  

No

316 (35.7)

 

ref

  

Missing

4 (0.5)

  

Ever lived together with a person having HCV/HBV/HIV

Yes

52 (5.9)

< 0.001

11.7 (5.5–24.4)

0.011

5.6 (1.5–22.4)

No

834 (94.1)

 

ref

 

ref

Sexual preference

Heterosexual

826 (93.2)

 

ref

  

Homosexual

18 (2.0)

0.971

1.0 (0.1–5.5)

  

Bisexual

26 (2.9)

0.472

1.7 (0.3–6.4)

  

Missing

16 (1.8)

  

Number of partners with whom there have ever been unsafe sexual contacts (n = 611)

1–4

265 (43.4)

ref

ref

 

ref

5–9

129 (21.1)

0.563

1.4 (0.4–4.4)

0.440

2.0 (0.3–12.4)

> 10

217 (35.5)

0.017

3.0 (1.3–7.5)

0.031

4.6 (1.3–21.8)

Tattoo

None

450 (50.8)

 

ref

  

Safe

237 (26.7)

0.038

2.3 (1.0–5.3)

  

Potentially non-sterile

199 (22.5)

0.003

4.1 (1.9–9.0)

  

Age first drug use non-IDU (mean ± IQR)

17.5 ±

14–18

0.556

1.0 (0.9–1.0)

  

Used drugs last 6 m (n = 633)

Yes

435 (68.7)

0.113

1.9 (0.9–4.3)

  

No

198 (31.3)

 

ref

  

Frequency use (n = 435)

Less than once a week

132 (30.3)

 

ref

  

More than once a week

169 (38.9)

0.555

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

  

Daily

133 (30.6)

0.991

1.0 (0.4–2.4)

  

Missing

1 (0.2)

    

Used heroin last 6 months

Yes

44 (10.6)

< 0.001

11.0 (4.9–26.4)

< 0.001

9.3 (2.6–37.6)

No

370 (89.4)

 

ref

 

ref

Ever IDU (n = 633)

Yes

129 (20.4)

< 0.001

38.0 (15.9–107.2)

< 0.001

24.6 (5.5–215.2)

No

503 (79.5)

 

ref

 

ref

Missing

1 (0.1)

  

Ever shared materials for IDU (n = 129)

Yes

54 (41.9)

< 0.001

56.3 (22.5–170.1)

  

No

75 (58.1)

 

ref

  

Frequency IDU last 6 m (n = 129)

Never

98 (76.0)

 

ref

  

Less than once a week

9 (7.0)

0.001

13.4 (2.5–62.2)

  

More than once a week

10 (7.8)

0.024

6.9 (1.0–34.0)

  

Daily

12 (9.2)

< 0.001

53.8 (14.1–251.2)

  
  1. Note: ‘unsafe’ refers to sexual contact without the use of a condom
  2. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, IQR interquartile range, HCV hepatitis C virus, HBV hepatitis B virus, IDU injecting drug use