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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

From: Predictors of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Country

Design

Setting

Recruitment periods a

Severity of illness (%)

Sample size

Female (%)

Age (years) c

Mortality (%)

Cao J et al. [3]

China

SC, RS

Zhongnan Hospital

Jan 3-Feb 1

ICU (17.6)

102

48.0

52.7 (22.6)

16.7

Chen R et al. [4]

China

MC, RS

A total of 575 hospitals across mainland China

Dec 11 b-Jan 31

ICU (6.2)

1590

42.7

48.9 (16.3)

3.1

Chen T et al. (a) [5]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Jan13-Feb 12

MI, SI, and CI

274

37.6

58.7 (19.4)

41.2

Chen T et al. (b) [6]

China

SC, RS

Zhongnan Hospital

Jan 1-Feb 10

SI (36) and CI (16.7)

203

46.8

54.3 (20.2)

12.8

Cheng Y et al. [7]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Jan28-Feb 11

SI (42.7)

701

47.6

61.3 (15.6)

16.1

Deng Y et al. [8]

China

MC, RS

Tongji Hospital and Central Hospital of Wuhan

Jan 1-Feb 21

SI (87.2)

225

44.9

NA

48.4

Du RH et al. [9]

China

SC, PS

Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital

Dec 25 b -Feb 7

NA

179

45.8

57.6 (13.7)

11.7

Gao L et al. [10]

China

SC, RS

Hubei General Hospital

NA

SI (100)

54

55.6

60.4 (16.1)

33.3

Grasselli L et al. [11]

Italy

MC, RS

ICUs in 72 hospitals

Feb 20-Mar18

ICU (100)

1591

18.0

63.0 (10.4)

25.5

Guan WJ et al. [12]

China

MC, RS

A total of 575 hospitals across mainland China

Dec 11 b -Jan 31

ICU (6.2)

1590

42.7

48.9 (16.3)

3.1

Guo T et al. [13]

China

SC, RS

Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City

Jan 23-Feb 23

NA

187

51.3

58.5 (14.7)

23.0

He XW et al. [14]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Feb 3-Feb 24

SI and CI (100)

56

37.0

67.4 (11.0)

46.4

Hu H et al. [15]

China

SC, RS

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

Feb 7-Mar 7

CI (100)

105

49.1

60.8 (16.3)

18.1

Li J et al. [16]

China

SC, RS

Central Hospital of Wuhan

Jan 1- Mar 3

NA

658

54.9

55.5 (18.6)

9.7

Li X et al. [17]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Jan 26-Feb 5

SI (100)

268

43.1

63.7 (13.4)

32.5

Liang WH et al. [18]

China

MC, RS

A total of 575 hospitals across mainland China

Dec 11 b -Jan 31

ICU (6.2)

1590

42.7

48.9 (16.3)

3.1

Liu Y et al. (a) [19]

China

SC, RS

Zhongnan Hospital

Jan 1-Feb 29

NA

245

53.5

53.9 (16.9)

13.5

Liu Y et al. (b) [20]

China

SC, RS

Central Hospital of Wuhan

Jan 1-Mar 1

NA

383

57.7

47.0 (20.1)

12.8

Luo M et al. [21]

China

SC, RS

Wuhan Tongren Hospital

Jan 17-Feb 25

SI and CI (32.0)

475

51.4

61.7 (14.9)

14.5

Miyashita H et al. [22]

USA

SC, MC

Mount Sinai Health System in New York City

Mar 1-Apr 6

NA

5688

NA

NA

9.7

Peng YD et al. [23]

China

SC, RS

Union Hospital

Jan 20-Feb 15

CI (14.3)

112

52.7

61.3 (9.01)

15.2

Richardson S et al. [24]

USA

MC, RC

A total of 12 hospitals in the USA

Mar 1-Apr 4

NA

2634

39.7

63.3 (17.1)

21.0

Shi S et al. [25]

China

SC, RS

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

Jan 20- Feb 10

NA

416

50.7

61.0 (12.5)

13.7

Tang N et al. (a) [26]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Jan 1- Feb 13

SI (100)

449

40.3

65.1 (12.0)

29.8

Tang N et al. (b) [27]

China

SC, RS

Tongji Hospital

Jan 1-Feb 3

SI (100)

183

46.4

54.1 (16.2)

11.5

Wang L et al. (a) [28]

China

SC, RS

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

Jan 31-Feb 5

SI and CI (61.9)

202

56.4

61.3 (14.2)

16.3

Wang L et al. (b) [29]

China

SC, RS

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

Jan 1- Feb 6

MI (29.5), SI (46.9), and CI (23.6)

339

51.0

70.0 (8.19)

19.2

Wu C et al. [30]

China

SC, RS

Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

Dec 25 b -Jan 26

ICU (26.4)

201

36.3

51.3 (12.7)

21.9

Xie J et al. [31]

China

SC, RS

Union Hospital

Jan 28-Feb 28

MI (30.7), SI (52.1), and CI (17.1)

140

48.6

58.3 (15.7)

25.7

Xu B et al. [32]

China

SC, RS

Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Dec 26 b-Mar 1

SI (24.1), CI (24.1)

187

44.9

60.5 (16.8)

15.0

Yang X et al. (a) [33]

China

SC, RC

Wuhan Jin Yintan hospital

Dec b -Feb 25

NA

1476

47.4

57.0 (14.8)

16.1

Yang X et al. (b) [34]

China

SC, RC

Wuhan Jin Yintan hospital

Dec 24 b -Jan 26

CI (100)

52

32.7

59.7 (13.3)

61.5

Yao Q et al. [35]

China

SC, RC

Huanggang Central Hospital

Jan 30-Feb 11

SI (23.1)

108

60.2

49.0 (15.8)

11.1

Zhang J et al. [36]

China

SC, RS

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

Jan 11-Feb 6

MI (37.8), SI (47.5), and CI (14.2)

663

51.6

56.2 (18.6)

3.77

Zhang L et al. [37]

China

SC, RC

Wuhan Asia General Hospital

Jan 12-Mar 15

NA

343

50.7

59.7 (15.6)

3.8

Zhou F et al. [38]

China

MC, RC

Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital

Dec 29 b -Jan 31

ICU (26.2), SI (35), and CI (28)

191

37.7

56.3 (15.7)

28.3

  1. Abbreviations: CI critically ill, ICU intensive care unit, MC multicenter, MI moderately ill, NA not available, PS prospective study, RS retrospective study, SI severely ill
  2. a The default year is 2020 unless otherwise noted
  3. b The year is 2019
  4. c Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations. For studies that presented data as medians and interquartile ranges, we calculated the means and standard deviations based on the formulas by Wan et al. [42]