Antibiotic prescriptions and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection: a matched case-control study using the French health insurance database (SNDS)

Table 4 Conditional multivariate logistic regression: Risk factors for community-acquired or healthcare-associated urinary tract infection caused by a resistant bacterium compared with a susceptible one, by gender

	Community-acquired infections		Healthcare-associated infections^a
	Men (N = 5420)	Women (N = 7792)	Men (N = 3388)	Women (N = 2614)
	ORa [CI 95%]	ORa [CI 95%]	ORa [CI 95%]	ORa [CI 95%]
Antibiotic consumption
Number of antibiotic dispensing in the last 3 months
0	1	1	1	1
1	1.61 [1.38–1.88]	1.47 [1.31–1.66]	1.30 [1.07–1.57]	1.34 [1.09–1.66]
2	2.28 [1.85–2.81]	1.69 [1.42–2.00]	1.82 [1.43–2.31]	1.34 [1.01–1.76]
≥ 3	3.59 [2.85–4.53]	2.64 [2.18–3.19]	2.94 [2.25–3.83]	1.79 [1.34–2.38]
Urinary tract condition
Recurrent UTI^b
No	1	1	1	1
Yes	1.21 [1.05–1.40]	1.23 [1.11–1.38]	1.04 [0.87–1.25]	1.15 [0.95–1.38]
Procedure on UT in the last 3 months
No	1	1	1	1
Yes	1.34 [1.09–1.64]	1.08 [0.76–.53]	0.86 [0.71–1.04]	1.98 [1.50–2.61]
Urinary tract disease in the last 12 months
No			1	1
Yes			1.25 [1.04–2.55]	0.78 [0.58–1.03]
Prior ICU stay in the last 3 months
Length of the longest stay in ICU
No stay, or stay ≤7 days			1	1
> 7 days			1.76 [1.21–2.55]	1.41 [0.80–2.48]

Abbreviations: ORa adjusted Odds ratio, CI 95 95% confidence interval, UTI urinary tract infection, UT urinary tract, ICU intensive care unit
^a Infection with at least one prior hospitalization (any cause except UTI) in the last 3 months
^b at least 3 prior episodes of urinary tract infection in the last 12 months

ISSN: 1471-2334