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Table 2 Clinical characteristics, radiographic, and etiology of patients with COVID-19

From: Associated risk factors with disease severity and antiviral drug therapy in patients with COVID-19

Variables

All Patients (n = 550)

Severe (n = 178)

Non-severe (n = 372)

p value

Surgical history, n (%)

90 (16.4%)

24 (13.5%)

66 (17.7%)

0.207

Signs and symptoms, n (%)

 Fever

   < 37.3 °C

178 (32.3%)

21 (11.8%)

157 (42.3%)

< 0.001

  37.3–38.0 °C

117 (21.3%)

35 (19.7%)

82 (22.0%)

< 0.001

  38.0–39.0 °C

204 (37.1%)

93 (52.2%)

111 (29.8%)

< 0.001

   > 39.0 °C

51 (9.3%)

29 (16.3%)

22 (5.9%)

< 0.001

 Dry cough

257 (46.7%)

90 (50.6%)

167 (44.9%)

0.212

 Dyspnea

237 (43.1%)

119 (66.9%)

118 (31.7%)

< 0.001

 Fatigue

224 (40.7%)

91 (51.1%)

133 (35.8%)

0.001

 Sputum production

169 (30.7%)

70 (39.3%)

99 (26.6%)

0.002

 Chill

123 (22.4%)

52 (29.2%)

71 (19.1%)

0.008

 Stomachache/Diarrhea

75 (13.6%)

29 (16.3%)

46 (12.4%)

0.209

 Nausea/Vomit

70 (12.7%)

22 (12.4%)

48 (12.9%)

0.858

 Myalgia

57 (10.4%)

18 (10.1%)

39 (10.5%)

0.894

 Sore throat

46 (8.8%)

12 (6.7%)

34 (9.1%)

0.342

 Tachycardia

33 (6.0%)

17 (9.6%)

16 (4.3%)

0.015

 Headache

26 (4.7%)

7 (3.9%)

19 (5.1%)

0.544

 Dizziness

18 (3.3%)

4 (2.2%)

14 (3.8%)

0.350

 Sneeze

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.3%)

1.000

 Arthralgia

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.3%)

1.000

 Multiple symptoms

393 (71.5%)

162 (91.0%)

231 (62.1%)

< 0.001

 Fever, cougha, and dyspnea

130 (23.6%)

76 (42.7%)

54 (14.5%)

< 0.001

Radiographic findingsb, n (%)

 Bilateral pneumonia

378/482 (78.4%)

146/161 (90.7%)

232/321 (72.3%)

< 0.001

 Unilateral pneumonia

50/482 (10.4%)

5/161 (3.1%)

45/321 (14.0%)

< 0.001

 Normal

7/482 (1.5%)

0/161 (0%)

7/321 (2.2%)

< 0.001

 Others

47/482 (9.7%)

10/161 (6.2%)

37/321 (11.5%)

< 0.001

Etiological findings, n (%)

 Phlegm smear

  Gram-positive bacilli

3/34 (8.8%)

1/11 (9.1%)

2/23 (8.7%)

0.374

  Gram-negative bacilli

12/34 (35.4%)

3/11 (27.3%)

9/23 (39.1%)

0.374

  Cocci

10/34 (29.4%)

2/11 (18.2%)

8/23 (34.8%)

0.374

  Fungus

1/34 (2.9%)

1/11 (9.1%)

0/23 (0.0%)

0.374

  Normal

8/34 (23.5%)

4/11 (36.3%)

4/23 (17.4)

0.374

Mycoplasma/Chlamydia Pneumoniae antibody (IgM)

 Positive

27/350 (7.7%)

4/121 (3.3%)

23/229 (10.0%)

0.042

 Negative

323/350 (92.3%)

117/121 (96.7%)

206/229 (90.0%)

0.042

Respiratory pathogen antibody

 Positive

29/342 (8.5%)

13/123 (10.6%)

16/219 (7.3%)

0.299

 Negative

313/342 (91.5%)

110/123 (89.4%)

203/219 (92.7%)

0.299

CMV/EBV

 Positive

10/154 (6.5%)

4/54 (7.4%)

6/100 (6.0%)

1.000

 Negative

144/154 (93.5%)

50/54 (92.6%)

94/100 (94.0%)

1.000

Influenza Virus Antigen

 Positive

3/265 (1.1%)

1/103 (1.0%)

2/162 (1.2%)

1.000

 Negative

262/265 (98.9%)

102/103 (99.0%)

160/162 (98.8%)

1.000

Admission

9 (6–14)

10 (7–12)

9 (5.75–15)

0.797

Dyspnea

0 (0–7)

2 (0–8)

0 (0–6)

0.007

Mechanical ventilation

10 (6–15)

10 (6.75–15)

ARDS

10 (6–15)

10 (6.75–15)

  1. Data are shown as median (IQR) or n (%). ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, CMV Cytomegalovirus. EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  2. aCough includes dry cough and expectoration
  3. bRadiographic findings include the findings of both the chest X-ray and lung CT scan. When “viral pneumonia” was reported only, without a description of the lesion sites, the results were marked by others