From: Associated risk factors with disease severity and antiviral drug therapy in patients with COVID-19
Variables | All Patients (n = 550) | Severe (n = 178) | Non-severe (n = 372) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Surgical history, n (%) | 90 (16.4%) | 24 (13.5%) | 66 (17.7%) | 0.207 |
Signs and symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Fever | ||||
< 37.3 °C | 178 (32.3%) | 21 (11.8%) | 157 (42.3%) | < 0.001 |
37.3–38.0 °C | 117 (21.3%) | 35 (19.7%) | 82 (22.0%) | < 0.001 |
38.0–39.0 °C | 204 (37.1%) | 93 (52.2%) | 111 (29.8%) | < 0.001 |
> 39.0 °C | 51 (9.3%) | 29 (16.3%) | 22 (5.9%) | < 0.001 |
Dry cough | 257 (46.7%) | 90 (50.6%) | 167 (44.9%) | 0.212 |
Dyspnea | 237 (43.1%) | 119 (66.9%) | 118 (31.7%) | < 0.001 |
Fatigue | 224 (40.7%) | 91 (51.1%) | 133 (35.8%) | 0.001 |
Sputum production | 169 (30.7%) | 70 (39.3%) | 99 (26.6%) | 0.002 |
Chill | 123 (22.4%) | 52 (29.2%) | 71 (19.1%) | 0.008 |
Stomachache/Diarrhea | 75 (13.6%) | 29 (16.3%) | 46 (12.4%) | 0.209 |
Nausea/Vomit | 70 (12.7%) | 22 (12.4%) | 48 (12.9%) | 0.858 |
Myalgia | 57 (10.4%) | 18 (10.1%) | 39 (10.5%) | 0.894 |
Sore throat | 46 (8.8%) | 12 (6.7%) | 34 (9.1%) | 0.342 |
Tachycardia | 33 (6.0%) | 17 (9.6%) | 16 (4.3%) | 0.015 |
Headache | 26 (4.7%) | 7 (3.9%) | 19 (5.1%) | 0.544 |
Dizziness | 18 (3.3%) | 4 (2.2%) | 14 (3.8%) | 0.350 |
Sneeze | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
Arthralgia | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
Multiple symptoms | 393 (71.5%) | 162 (91.0%) | 231 (62.1%) | < 0.001 |
Fever, cougha, and dyspnea | 130 (23.6%) | 76 (42.7%) | 54 (14.5%) | < 0.001 |
Radiographic findingsb, n (%) | ||||
Bilateral pneumonia | 378/482 (78.4%) | 146/161 (90.7%) | 232/321 (72.3%) | < 0.001 |
Unilateral pneumonia | 50/482 (10.4%) | 5/161 (3.1%) | 45/321 (14.0%) | < 0.001 |
Normal | 7/482 (1.5%) | 0/161 (0%) | 7/321 (2.2%) | < 0.001 |
Others | 47/482 (9.7%) | 10/161 (6.2%) | 37/321 (11.5%) | < 0.001 |
Etiological findings, n (%) | ||||
Phlegm smear | ||||
Gram-positive bacilli | 3/34 (8.8%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 2/23 (8.7%) | 0.374 |
Gram-negative bacilli | 12/34 (35.4%) | 3/11 (27.3%) | 9/23 (39.1%) | 0.374 |
Cocci | 10/34 (29.4%) | 2/11 (18.2%) | 8/23 (34.8%) | 0.374 |
Fungus | 1/34 (2.9%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 0/23 (0.0%) | 0.374 |
Normal | 8/34 (23.5%) | 4/11 (36.3%) | 4/23 (17.4) | 0.374 |
Mycoplasma/Chlamydia Pneumoniae antibody (IgM) | ||||
Positive | 27/350 (7.7%) | 4/121 (3.3%) | 23/229 (10.0%) | 0.042 |
Negative | 323/350 (92.3%) | 117/121 (96.7%) | 206/229 (90.0%) | 0.042 |
Respiratory pathogen antibody | ||||
Positive | 29/342 (8.5%) | 13/123 (10.6%) | 16/219 (7.3%) | 0.299 |
Negative | 313/342 (91.5%) | 110/123 (89.4%) | 203/219 (92.7%) | 0.299 |
CMV/EBV | ||||
Positive | 10/154 (6.5%) | 4/54 (7.4%) | 6/100 (6.0%) | 1.000 |
Negative | 144/154 (93.5%) | 50/54 (92.6%) | 94/100 (94.0%) | 1.000 |
Influenza Virus Antigen | ||||
Positive | 3/265 (1.1%) | 1/103 (1.0%) | 2/162 (1.2%) | 1.000 |
Negative | 262/265 (98.9%) | 102/103 (99.0%) | 160/162 (98.8%) | 1.000 |
Admission | 9 (6–14) | 10 (7–12) | 9 (5.75–15) | 0.797 |
Dyspnea | 0 (0–7) | 2 (0–8) | 0 (0–6) | 0.007 |
Mechanical ventilation | 10 (6–15) | 10 (6.75–15) | – | – |
ARDS | 10 (6–15) | 10 (6.75–15) | – | – |