Table 1 This table summarizes the meta-analyses for multiple biomarkers and rapid tests on pleural fluid to assist in the diagnosis of TPE. ADA = Adenosine Deaminase; IFNγ = Interferon Gamma; NAAT = Nucleic Acid Amplification Test; Xpert MTB-Rif = Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and Resistance to Rifampin Assay; IL-27 = Interleukin-27; LR = Likelihood Ratio

ADA

Liang et al. 2008 [4]

0.92

0.90

9.03

0.10

ADA useful in diagnosis of TPE

Gui et al. 2014 [13]

0.86

0.88

6.32

0.15

ADA is relatively accurate

Aggarwal et al. 2019 [6]

0.92

0.90

8.92

0.09

Good accuracy regardless of prevalence or setting

IFNγ

Jiang et al. 2007 [14]

0.89

0.97

23.45

0.11

Relatively accurate

Zhou et al. 2011 [15]

0.75

0.82

3.49

0.24

Not a useful test

Aggarwal et al. 2015 [16]

0.72

0.79

3.65

0.31

Not a useful test

NAAT

Pai et al. 2004 [17]

0.62

0.98

25.4

0.40

Unclear utility in TPE

Xpert MTB-Rif

Sehgal et al. 2016 [18]

0.51

0.99

36.7

0.49

Possibly useful when positive

IL-27

Liu et al. 2018 [19]

0.93

0.97

25.88

0.07

Possible novel biomarker