Table 2 Predictors of Aetiology of Imported Gastrointestinal Disease
Resolution (N = 1235) | Non-resolution (N = 215) | Total (N = 1450) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.043 | |||
Female | 684 (55.4%) | 135 (62.8%) | 819 (56.5%) | |
Male | 551 (44.6%) | 80 (37.2%) | 631 (43.5%) | |
Age | 0.914 | |||
Mean (SD) | 35.986 (12.241) | 35.888 (13.009) | 35.971 (12.353) | |
Range | 16.000 - 84.540 | 15.240 - 78.340 | 15.240 - 84.540 | |
Travel History | ||||
Central Asia | 31 (2.5%) | 7 (3.3%) | 38 (2.6%) | 0.528 |
Europe | 46 (3.7%) | 7 (3.3%) | 53 (3.7%) | 0.735 |
North Africa | 144 (11.7%) | 27 (12.6%) | 171 (11.8%) | 0.706 |
Pacific Islands | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.9%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0.047 |
Southern Africa | 84 (6.8%) | 9 (4.2%) | 93 (6.4%) | 0.149 |
Caribbean | 44 (3.6%) | 15 (7.0%) | 59 (4.1%) | 0.019 |
South America | 108 (8.7%) | 17 (7.9%) | 125 (8.6%) | 0.686 |
Bahamas | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (0.2%) | 0.011 |
Middle East | 32 (2.6%) | 9 (4.2%) | 41 (2.8%) | 0.193 |
Australia and New Zealand | 19 (1.5%) | 4 (1.9%) | 23 (1.6%) | 0.727 |
South Asia | 264 (21.4%) | 55 (25.6%) | 319 (22.0%) | 0.17 |
Central America | 79 (6.4%) | 18 (8.4%) | 97 (6.7%) | 0.285 |
West Africa | 144 (11.7%) | 17 (7.9%) | 161 (11.1%) | 0.106 |
South East Asia | 248 (20.1%) | 43 (20.0%) | 291 (20.1%) | 0.978 |
East Africa | 227 (18.4%) | 33 (15.3%) | 260 (17.9%) | 0.285 |
North America and Canada | 19 (1.5%) | 10 (4.7%) | 29 (2.0%) | 0.003 |
China | 32 (2.6%) | 6 (2.8%) | 38 (2.6%) | 0.866 |
Oceania | 6 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (0.4%) | 0.306 |
Central.Africa | 22 (1.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | 27 (1.9%) | 0.586 |
Syndrome | 0.002 | |||
Non-dysenteric diarrhoea | 936 (75.8%) | 145 (67.4%) | 1081 (74.6%) | |
Abdominal pain | 146 (11.8%) | 30 (14.0%) | 176 (12.1%) | |
Dysenteric diarrhoea | 116 (9.4%) | 37 (17.2%) | 153 (10.6%) | |
Other | 37 (3.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 40 (2.8%) | |
Stool Microscopy | ||||
White cells | 108 (8.7%) | 19 (8.8%) | 127 (8.8%) | 0.965 |
Red cells | 51 (4.1%) | 11 (5.1%) | 62 (4.3%) | 0.509 |
Peripheral WBC Count | 0.251 | |||
Decreased | 12 (1.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 14 (1.0%) | |
Increased | 127 (10.3%) | 32 (14.9%) | 159 (11.0%) | |
Normal | 1034 (83.7%) | 172 (80.0%) | 1206 (83.2%) | |
C-reactive Protein | 0.209 | |||
Increased | 435 (35.2%) | 65 (30.2%) | 500 (34.5%) | |
Normal | 732 (59.3%) | 141 (65.6%) | 873 (60.2%) | |
ALT | 0.447 | |||
Increased | 164 (13.3%) | 33 (15.3%) | 197 (13.6%) | |
Normal | 1004 (81.3%) | 174 (80.9%) | 1178 (81.2%) | |
Any Definitive Diagnosis | 261 (21.1%) | 40 (18.6%) | 301 (20.8%) | 0.399 |
Microbiological Diagnosis | 214 (17.3%) | 28 (13.0%) | 242 (16.7%) | 0.153 |
Bacterial | 100 (8.1%) | 11 (5.1%) | 111 (7.7%) | 0.118 |
Parasitic | 119 (9.6%) | 18 (8.4%) | 137 (9.4%) | 0.559 |
Diagnosis | ||||
Giardia intestinalis | 78 (6.3%) | 14 (6.5%) | 92 (6.3%) | 0.913 |
Entamoeba histolytica | 6 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 7 (0.5%) | 0.968 |
Blastocystis hominis | 27 (2.2%) | 2 (0.9%) | 29 (2.0%) | 0.225 |
Cryptosporidium parvum | 13 (1.1%) | 2 (0.9%) | 15 (1.0%) | 0.87 |
Cyclospora cayatanensis | 6 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (0.4%) | 0.306 |
Campylobacter spp. | 43 (3.5%) | 4 (1.9%) | 47 (3.2%) | 0.215 |
Shigella spp. | 22 (1.8%) | 3 (1.4%) | 25 (1.7%) | 0.688 |
Salmonella spp. | 35 (2.8%) | 4 (1.9%) | 39 (2.7%) | 0.415 |
Plesiomonas shigelloides | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.3%) | 0.35 |