Table 1 Univariate analysis of the demographic and clinical data associated with negative pleural ADA results in childhood pleural TB
|  | Total (n) | Pleural ADA (≤40 U/L) | Pleural ADA (>40 U/L) | P value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 84 | 17 (20.2%) | 67 (79.8%) | Â | Â |
Pleural ADA (U/L) | 60.3 ± 28.8 | 28.3 ± 9.1 | 68.0 ± 26.3 |  |  |
Demographic characteristics | |||||
 Age (years) | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 12.1 ± 2.7 | 12.0 ± 3.4 | 0.895 |  |
 Sex (male) | 56 (66.7%) | 11 (64.7%) | 45 (67.2%) | 0.848 |  |
 Weight (Kg) | 44.7 ± 15.7 | 42.3 ± 13.0 | 45.3 ± 16.3 | 0.509 |  |
 Rural area | 40 (47.6%) | 10 (58.8%) | 39 (58.2%) | 0.114 |  |
Symptoms | |||||
 Cough | 47 (56.0%) | 11 (64.7%) | 36 (53.7%) | 0.418 |  |
 Fever | 76 (90.5%) | 13 (76.5%) | 63 (94.0%) | 0.040 | 4.846 (1.072, 21.916) |
 Chest pain | 43 (51.2%) | 13 (76.5%) | 30 (44.8%) | 0.026 | 0.249 (0.074, 0.845) |
 Dyspnea | 24 (28.6%) | 3 (17.6%) | 21 (31.3%) | 0.272 |  |
 Sputum production | 14 (16.7%) | 2 (11.8%) | 12 (17.9%) | 0.547 |  |
 Cavity | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1.000 |  |
 Loculated effusion | 14 (16.7%) | 4 (23.5%) | 10 (14.9%) | 0.399 |  |
 Empyema | 10 (11.9%) | 4 (23.5%) | 6 (9.0%) | 0.110 |  |
Effusion sites | |||||
 Left | 33 (39.3%) | 10 (58.8%) | 23 (34.3%) | 0.071 | 0.366 (0.123, 1.088) |
 Right | 43 (51.2%) | 6 (35.3%) | 37 (55.2%) | 0.148 |  |
 Both | 8 (9.5%) | 1 (5.9%) | 7 (10.4%) | 0.572 |  |
Clinical Chemistry (pleural effusion) | |||||
 Total protein | 48.5 ± 7.2 | 42.8 ± 9.0 | 49.9 ± 5.8 | 0.001 | 1.163 (1.061, 1.274) |
 Total bilirubin (mmol/L) | 8.6 ± 5.6 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 7.9 ± 4.4 | 0.050 | 0.914 (0.835, 1.000) |
 Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.105 |  |
 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 876.7 ± 642.8 | 480.1 ± 271.3 | 968.7 ± 670.3 | 0.002 | 1.004 (1.002, 1.007) |
 Amylase (U/L) | 29.6 ± 10.4 | 26.6 ± 10.9 | 30.4 ± 10.2 | 0.187 |  |
Clinical Chemistry (serum) | |||||
 Total protein (g/L) | 69.4 ± 7.1 | 68.6 ± 7.8 | 69.5 ± 6.9 | 0.590 |  |
 Albumin (g/L) | 38.9 ± 4.4 | 38.8 ± 5.1 | 38.8 ± 4.4 | 0.936 |  |
 Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 0.005 | 2.367 (1.301, 4.307) |
 Creatinine (μmmol/L) | 51.2 ± 15.1 | 51.0 ± 13.2 | 51.5 ± 15.8 | 0.954 |  |
 Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 0.412 |  |
 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 216.5 ± 56.1 | 210.5 ± 55.3 | 218.2 ± 56.7 | 0.647 |  |