| Reference | Initial clinical presentation | Identified serovar (sv.) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Wang et al., 2016 [9] Atypical leptospirosis: an overlooked cause of aseptic meningitis | Persistent diffuse headache, disturbed sleep, unrelenting vomiting and persistent neck stiffness | L. santarosai sv. Shermanii |
2 | Panicker, Mammachan and Jayakumar, 2001 [1] Primary neuroleptospirosis | Fever, headache, and neck stiffness | common serotypes implicated are Caninola, Icterohaemorragiae, and Pamona |
3 | Özdemir et al., 2008 [10] An discriminated aseptic meningitis case between rickettsia and leptospiral meningitis | Fever, chills, rigors, headache, and disorientation | Leptospira biflexa sv. Patoc |
4 | Bhatt et al., 2018 [8] Uncommon manifestation of leptospirosis: A diagnostic challenge | Fever, diffuse dull-aching headache with generalized body aches and malaise. Worsening of sensorium in form of decreased responsiveness to commands, decreased verbal output and inability to move his limbs. | None |
5 | Chang et al., 2003 [11] A case of primary neuroleptospirosis | Sudden onset of paraparesis, urinary retention, and numbness below his upper abdomen of 3 weeks duration. | None |
6 | Mathew et al., 2006 [7] Neuroleptospirosis - Revisited: Experience from a tertiary care neurological centre from South India | Acute fever with chills and rigors, headache and vomiting, altered sensorium, acute symptomatic seizures | None |
7 | Saeed et al., 2018 [3] First reported case of neuroleptospirosis complicated with Anton’s syndrome | Flu-like illness with fever, myalgia and headache, seizures, reduced consciousness | None |
8 | Waggoner et al., 2015 [12] Case report: Molecular detection of leptospira in two returned travelers: Higher bacterial load in cerebrospinal fluid versus serum or plasma | Fever with chills, headaches, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and loose stools. Stiff neck and photophobia. | None |
9 | Wang et al., 2012 [13] Leptospirosis with transient paraparesis and thrombocytopenia: A case report | Fever, back pain, bilateral leg weakness, cough and general malaise | None |