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Table 1 Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of in HIV negative patients with PJP

From: Lymphocyte subset analysis to evaluate the prognosis of HIV-negative patients with pneumocystis pneumonia

 

Total

(n = 88)

Survivors

(n = 49)

Non-survivors

(n = 39)

P-value

Demographics

 Age, years

58 (42–64)

58 (48–64)

55 (40–63)

0.559

 Sex (male)

37 (42%)

22 (45%)

15 (39%)

0.543

 Underlying lung disease

30 (34%)

12 (24%)

18 (49%)

0.033

Immunosuppressive conditions

 Autoimmune diseases

61 (69%)

32 (66%)

29 (74%)

0.360

 Hematologic disorder

6 (7%)

4 (8%)

2 (5%)

0.609

 Hematologic malignancy

5 (6%)

1 (2%)

4 (10%)

0.098

 Solid cancer

8 (9%)

5 (10%)

3 (8%)

0.684

 Other diseasea

8 (9%)

7 (14%)

1 (3%)

0.057

Laboratory values on admission

 Albumin, g/L

27 (24–31)

29 (25–32)

26 (24–29)

0.027

 LDH, U/L

566 (422–718)

460 (332–612)

656 (557–946)

< 0.001

 PaO2, mmHg

53 (46–59)

56 (47–61)

51 (39–59)

0.174

 D(A-a)O2, mmHg

60 (52–68)

60 (53–66)

61 (52–69)

0.157

 Creatinine, mg/d

68 (53–110)

65 (53–94)

69 (54–115)

0.146

 CRP, mg/dL

12 (6–80)

9 (5–63)

21 (6–114)

0.629

Flow cytometry on admissionb

 Lymphocyte count (× 106 g/L)

360 (237–711)

499 (280–1032)

301 (160–406)

0.162

 CD19+ B, cell/μL

36 (11–102)

55 (18–141)

34 (8–64)

0.346

 CD16 + CD56+ NK, cell/μL

34 (14–73)

50 (26–83)

22 (7–46)

0.014

 CD3+ T, cell/μL

297 (174–662)

517 (234–871)

209 (138–330)

< 0.001

 CD4+ T, cell/μL

120 (48–232)

149 (82–314)

81 (35–145)

0.004

 CD8+ T, cell/μL

151 (78–356)

239 (101–455)

114 (59–204)

< 0.001

 CD4+/CD8+ ratio

0.53 (0.31–1.38)

0.6 (0.3–1.4)

0.6 (0.4–1.5)

0.971

Immuosuppressive conditions

 CS exposure time, month

3 (2–42)

4 (2–22)

3 (2–53)

0.490

 CS ≤ 40 mg/d

56 (64%)

30 (61%)

26 (67%)

0.598

 500 mg/d > CS ≥ 80 mg/d

5 (6%)

2 (4%)

3 (8%)

0.467

 CS ≥ 500 mg/d

8 (9%)

2 (4%)

6 (15%)

0.067

Non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy

 Cyclophosphamide

33 (38%)

17 (35%)

16 (41%)

0.542

 Methotrexate

9 (10%)

4 (8%)

5 (13%)

0.474

 Mycophenolate mofetil

8 (9%)

6 (12%)

2 (5%)

0.249

 Azathioprine

2 (2%)

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

0.870

 Leflunomide

8 (9%)

4 (8%)

4 (10%)

0.734

 Tacrolimus

5 (6%)

2 (4%)

3 (8%)

0.467

 CS + immunosuppressive drug

52 (59%)

27 (55%)

25 (64%)

0.394

 Chemotherapy

14 (16%)

6 (12%)

8 (21%)

0.292

Imaging manifestations

 Ground glass opacity

69 (78%)

38 (79%)

31 (84%)

0.826

 Consolidations

20 (23%)

10 (21%)

10 (27%)

0.561

Co-infections

 Bacterial

26 (30%)

13 (27%)

12 (31%)

0.661

 Viral

55 (63%)

30 (61%)

25 (64%)

0.780

 Fungal

16 (18%)

10 (20%)

6 (15%)

0.544

Clinical progression

 Symptoms onset to treatment, days

7 (4–15)

8 (5–16)

7 (3–12)

0.359

 Mechanical ventilation

44 (50%)

10 (20%)

34 (87%)

< 0.001

  1. aOthers: Severe combined immunodeficiency, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid organ transplantation
  2. bNormal reference value: CD19+ B 180–324 cell/μL, CD16 + CD56+ NK 175–567 cell/μL, CD3+ T 1185–1901 cell/μL, CD4+ T 561–1137 cell/μL, CD8+ T 404–754 cell/μL, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio 0.95–2.13
  3. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) and n (%)