Table 2 Patient characteristics, clinical and economic outcomes

Resistant

Susceptible

p-values

Resistant

Susceptible

p-values

Resistant

Susceptible

p-values

No.

374

283

238

238

299

333

 Age (median [IQR])

69 (56–80)

67 (52–78)

0.174

67 (55–80)

68 (53–79)

1.000

81 (69–85)

70 (46–79)

0.152

 Female sex

170 (45%)

135 (48%)

0.311

105 (44%)

117 (49%)

0.156

152 (51%)

191 (57%)

0.059

 Previous hospitalization^a

250 (67%)

182 (64%)

0.276

169 (71%)

147 (62%)

0.021

–

–

1.000

 Transfer from another healthcare facility

22 (6%)

18 (6%)

0.462

15 (6%)

14 (6%)

0.500

–

–

 Invasive surgery

124 (33%)

80 (28%)

0.104

74 (31%)

73 (31%)

0.500

66 (22%)

60 (18%)

0.120

 Charlson Co-morbidity Index (median [IQR])

4 (3–6)

4 (2–6)

0.205

4 (3–6)

4 (2–6)

0.854

6 (5–8)

5 (1–6)

0.002

 Previous antibiotic exposure^a

67 (18%)

35 (12%)

0.032

46 (19%)

32 (13%)

0.054

52 (17%)

36 (1%)

0.012

 ICU admission

124 (33%)

75 (26%)

0.040

70 (29%)

60 (25%)

0.177

66 (22%)

39 (12%)

< 0.001

 ICU days (median [IQR])

9 (4–18)

6 (3–11)

0.144

8 (4–18)

6 (3–10)

0.237

8 (12–19)

6 (2–20)

0.987

 Central venous catheter

60 (16%)

35 (12%)

0.112

35 (15%)

25 (10%)

0.107

27 (10%)

15 (36%)

0.017

 Central venous catheter days (median [IQR])

11 (4–20)

8 (4–11)

0.164

12 (5–18)

7 (4–11)

0.076

11 (5–17)

6 (3–20)

0.894

 Urinary catheter

143 (38%)

90 (32%)

0.052

82 (48%)

89 (37%)

0.283

85 (29%)

61 (18%)

0.004

 Urinary catheter days (median [IQR])

8 (5–16)

8 (5–11)

0.385

7 (5–16)

8 (5–11)

0.644

12 (8–18)

6 (3.5–19.5)

0.943

 Mechanical ventilation

86 (23%)

42 (15%)

0.005

48 (20%)

36 (15%)

0.093

29 (10%)

16 (5%)

0.013

 Mechanical ventilation days (median [IQR])

9 (2.5–17)

0 (0–4)

< 0.001

7 (2–17)

0 (0–4)

0.001

11 (5–15)

1 (0–5)

0.002

 Bloodstream

65 (56%)

51 (18%)

0.455

44 (18%)

39 (16%)

0.315

39 (13%)

44 (13%)

0.522

 Urinary tract

213 (57%)

115 (41%)

< 0.001

134 (56%)

97 (41%)

< 0.001

197 (66%)

201 (60%)

0.053

 Respiratory tract

92 (24%)

44 (15%)

0.003

41 (17%)

50 (21%)

0.176

27 (9%)

32 (10%)

0.456

 Intraabdominal

16 (4%)

29 (10%)

0.002

12 (5%)

20 (8%)

0.100

17 (6%)

34 (10%)

0.025

 Skin/Soft tissue/Osteomyelitis

88 (23%)

76 (27%)

0.188

63 (26%)

71 (30%)

0.238

60 (20%)

41 (12%)

0.002

Positive culture ≥ 2

88 (23%)

32 (11%)

< 0.001

59 (25%)

29 (12%)

< 0.001

51 (17%)

257%)

< 0.001

Polymicrobial

74 (20%)

19 (7%)

< 0.001

54 (75%)

18 (8%)

< 0.001

44 (15%)

20 (6%)

< 0.001

APACHE score II (median [IQR])

6 (1–16)

1 (1–12)

0.527

4 (1–19)

1 (1–12)

0.706

–

–

Appropriate antibiotic therapy

203 (54%)

248 (88%)

< 0.001

203 (85%)

203 (85%)

1.000

193 (64%)

287 (86%)

< 0.001

In-hospital Mortality

81 (72%)

32 (28%)

< 0.001

41 (61%)

26 (39%)

0.032

24 (65%)

13 (35%)

0.021

 Mortality due to infection

49 (77%)

15 (23%)

0.135

25 (64%)

14 (36%)

0.373

11 (58%)

8 (42%)

0.286

 LOS prior to index date (median [IQR]),days

0 (0–4)

0 (0–4)

0.426

0 (0–4)

0 (0–4)

0.520

–

–

 LOS post index date (median [IQR]),days

7 (4–14)

6 (3–10)

0.016

7 (5–14)

7 (4–11)

0.408

7 (4–12)

5 (3–8)

< 0.001

 Stay charges at ward level^b

761 (1094)

643 (797)

0.059

790 (1181)

661 (792)

0.200

534 (590)

364 (323)

< 0.001

 ICU stay charges^b

852 (2049)

508 (1252)

0.007

726 (1930)

466 (1158)

0.077

366 (1093)

240 (47)

0.109

 Total stay charges^b

1122 (1532)

910 (1350)

0.063

1045 (1402)

894 (1260)

0.220

851 (1151)

578 (822)

0.001

Pharmaceuticals charges^b

1872 (3137)

1129 (1680)

< 0.001

1851 (3458)

1030 (1505)

0.001

952 (1291)

628 (1191)

0.001

 Antibiotics charges^b

639 (1365)

314 (598)

< 0.001

609 (1475)

269 (426)

0.001

378 (649)

193 (366)

< 0.001

Medical Accessories charges^b

252 (1120)

163 (484)

0.243

231 (1176)

165 (461)

0.425

91 (288)

69 (450)

0.476

Oxygen charges^b

135 (658)

52 (151)

0.016

132 (760)

54 (151)

0.121

40 (168)

19 (73)

0.037

Imaging charges^b

310 (387)

292 (400)

0.224

318 (425)

277 (390)

0.280

252 (282)

185 (221)

0.001

Laboratory and microbiology charges^b

893 (1040)

756 (910)

0.018

868 (984)

714 (872)

0.071

638 (1080)

435 (413)

0.002

Third-party payment^b

3865 (4673)

2709 (3053)

< 0.001

3740 (4826)

2567 (2701)

0.001

2829 (3183)

1930 (2186)

< 0.001

Patient co-payment^b

379 (1684)

126 (764)

< 0.001

513 (1066)

341 (582)

0.030

263 (1217)

104 (492)

0.001

Total charges from index date^b

4363 (5052)

2800 (3221)

< 0.001

4278 (5027)

2882 (3108)

< 0.001

329 (601)

199 (321)

< 0.001