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Table 4 Self-management components and abilities targeted by interventions

From: Self-management interventions for adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review

Study ID

Intervention name

Intervention aim

Self-management domains addressed

Self-management abilities targeted

Belzer et al. (2014); Sayegh et al. (2018) [40, 41]

Cell Phone Support

To provide participating youth living with HIV with a consistent, accessible and supportive relationship in which problem-solving solutions to adherence barriers along with tangible assistance and informational advice.

Self-regulation

Problem-solving

Social facilitation

Negotiated collaboration

Bhana et al. 2014) [42]

Vuka Family Programme (based on CHAMP)

To deliver critical information to facilitate discussions and problem-solving within and between families in multi-family groups.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-regulation

Problem solving Communication

Identity management

Dow et al. (2018, 2020) [43, 44]

Mental Health Intervention

Sauti ya Vijana

(SYV; The Voice of Youth)

To improve treatment adherence, reduce mental health symptoms and increase youth resilience.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness-knowledge

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Coping

Goal setting

Emotional control

Self-evaluation

Identity management

Social support

Social facilitation

Negotiated collaboration

Donenberg et al. (2019); Fabri et al. (2015) [45, 46]

Peer-led Trauma Informed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

To increase ART adherence by reducing depression, trauma, and gender-based violence (GBV).

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-regulation

Problem solving

Coping

Emotional control Identity management

Holden et al. (2019) [47]

Stepping Stones

To build resilience among children with HIV.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Goal setting

Action plans Assertiveness

Emotional control

Self-evaluation

Social facilitation

Negotiated collaboration

Social support

Hosek et al. (2018) [48]

ACCEPT

To assist young adults newly diagnosed with HIV to engage in the healthcare system in order to improve medical, psychological and public health outcomes.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-regulation

Decision-making

Action plans

Coping

Goal setting

Emotional control

Social facilitation

Social support

Shared-decision-making

Jeffries et al. (2016) [49]

UCare4Life

To increase retention in care and HIV medication adherence.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-efficacy

Self-regulation

Self-monitoring - reminders

Social facilitation

Participation

Letourneau et al. (2013) [50]

Multisystemic therapy (MST)

To address medication adherence problems in children with HIV.

Self-regulation

Communication

Social facilitation

Negotiated collaboration

Mimiaga et al. (2019) [51]

Positive STEPS (based on ‘Life Steps’)

To address adolescent-specific barriers to HIV medication adherence among heterosexual and Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual (LGB), perinatally and behaviourally infected youth.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Goal setting

Action plans

Problem solving

Emotional control

Coping

Social facilitation

Social support Negotiated collaboration

Participation

Naar-King et al. (2006) [52]

Healthy Choices

To move people along the stages of change (motivation for change), help them to review costs and benefits (decisional balance), and improve self–efficacy.

Knowledge and beliefs

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Goal setting

Planning

Action plans

Self-monitoring

Reflective thinking

Social facilitation

Resource utilisation

Naar-King et al. (2009) [53]

Healthy Choices

To move people along the stages of change, help them to review costs and benefits (decisional balance), and improve self-efficacy; to improve viral load (viral suppression).

Knowledge and beliefs

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Goal setting

Planning

Action plans

Self-monitoring

Reflective thinking

Rongkavilit et al. (2014) [54]

Healthy Choices

To increase motivation for healthy behaviours – specifically risk behaviours.

Knowledge and beliefs

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Self-regulation

Goal setting

Planning

Action plans

Self-monitoring

Reflective thinking

Webb et al. (2017) [55]

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)

To increase mindfulness and other elements of self-regulation as well as improved HIV disease management; to enhance present-focused awareness, reducing preoccupation with the past and the future.

Self-regulation

Problem-solving Emotional control Coping

Whiteley et al. (2018) [56]

iPhone game (BattleViro)

To empower youth to improve adherence by increasing information, motivation and behavioural skills.

Knowledge and beliefs

Illness knowledge

Self-efficacy

Motivation

Social facilitation

Negotiated collaboration

Social support