Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the NoV cases and matched controls

From: Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcome of severe Norovirus infection in kidney transplant patients: a case-control study

Variable

Norovirus cases (n = 72)

n (%); median [IQR]

Controls (n = 72)

n (%); median [IQR]

p-value

Demographic features

 Age at the time of KT (years)

46 [33.7–58.7]

46 [34–58.1]

0.83

 Male sex

39 (54.2)

37 (51.4)

0.74

 Primary kidney disease

  

0.08

  Diabetic

15 (20.8)

7 (9.7)

 

  Vascular

11 (15.3)

13 (18.1)

 

  Chronic glomerulonephritis

11 (15.3)

19 (26.4)

 

  Others

35 (48.6)

33 (45.8)

 

 Diabetes

  Before transplantation

20 (27.8)

7 (9.7)

0.01

  NODAT

4 (5.8)

5 (6.9)

1

Characteristics of KT

 c-PRA

30.1

30.2

0.88

 First Transplantation

65 (90.3)

61 (84.7)

0.8

 Deceased donor

61 (84.7)

60 (83.3)

1

 Duration of dialysis (months)

28 [7–66]

24 [9–54]

0.24

 HLA mismatch

  

0.97

   < 2

11 (15.7)

10 (14.1)

 

   ≥ 3

61 (84.3)

62 (85.9)

 

 Induction therapy

  ATG

70 (97)

67 (93)

0.55

  Basiliximab

2 (3)

5 (7)

0.21

 Maintenance therapy

  Dual therapy

29 (40.3)

30 (41.7)

1

  Triple therapy

89.5 [68–118]

92 [72–123]

0.42

 Events between KT and NoV diagnosis (or index date)

  Plasma CMV reactivation

14 (20)

10 (14.1)

0.38

  Other OI a

5 (7)

1 (1.4)

0.12

Data recorded at diagnosis

 Immunosuppressive regimen

  Corticosteroid

43 (59.7)

42 (58.3)

1

  Mycophenolic acid

68 (94.4)

67 (93.1)

1

  Tacrolimus

43 (59.7)

39 (54.2)

0.61

  Ciclosporin

21 (29.2)

31 (43.1)

0.05

 Laboratory data at diagnosis

  Serum creatinine level (μM)

139 [105–169]

135 [91–172]

0.95

  eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

47 [41–65]

47 [38–68]

0.79

  Positive CMV PCR

10 (13.8)

6 (8.3)

0,06

  Gamma-globulin < 6.5 g/L

10 (13.9)

4 (5.6)

0.06

  Lymphocyte count (/mm3)

500 [300–840]

875 [665–1430]

0.01

  1. Abbreviations: ATG Anti-Thymocyte Globulin, eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (MDRD), KT Kidney transplantation, NODAT New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation, OI Opportunistic infection, PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction, cPRA calculated Panel Reactive Antibody
  2. a Other OI: PTLD EBV-positive (Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder) (n = 2), tuberculosis (n = 1), nocardiosis (n = 1), invasive aspergillosis (n = 1), pneumocystis pneumonia (n = 1)