Table 3 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory of patients on admission

 Male

213/446 (48%)

161/356 (45%)

52/90 (58%)

 female

233/446 (52%)

195/356 (55%)

38/90 (42%)

Age (years)

55/446 (42–66)

50 (40–61)

69 (62–78)

 >60

179/446 (40%)

104/356 (29%)

75/90 (83%)

 HFNC,NMV

394/446 (88%)

354/356 (99%)

40/90 (44%)

 IMV

52/446 (12%)

2/356 (1%)

50/90 (56%)

 Diabetes

84/446 (19%)

57/356 (16%)

27/90 (30%)

 Hypertension

104/446 (23%)

73/356 (21%)

31/90 (34%)

 Coronary heart disease

35/446 (7.8%)

22/356 (6.18%)

13/90 (14.44%)

Hospital length of stay (days)

10 (8–14)

10 (8–13)

9 (5–12)

White blood cell count (×10⁹per L)

5.50 (4.10–7.62)

5.18 (3.95–7.05)

7.56 (5.34–10.95)

 <4

105/446 (23%)

92/356 (26%)

13/90 (14%)

 4–10

289/446 (65%)

239/356 (67%)

50/90 (56%)

 >10

52/446 (12%)

25/356 (7%)

27/90 (30%)

Lymphocytes (×10⁹per L)

1.01 (0.68–1.41)

1.12 (0.77–1.58)

0.66 (0.44–0.89)

 <1

218/446 (49%)

145/356 (41%)

73/90 (81%)

  ≥ 1

228/446 (51%)

211/356 (59%)

17/90 (19%)

Lymphocyte percentage (%)

16.7 (3.95–27.60)

20.75 (6.83–29.80)

5.10 (0.31–11.50)

 <20

253/446 (57%)

173/356 (49%)

80/90 (89%)

  ≥ 20

193/446 (43%)

183/356 (51%)

10/90 (11%)

 ALT (U/L)

25 (16–42)

24 (16–40)

26 (16–50)

 >40

121/446 (27%)

84/356 (24%)

37/90 (41%)

 AST (U/L)

27 (19–40)

25 (18–37)

26 (16–50)

 >40

111/446 (25%)

65/356 (18%)

46/90 (51%)

 BUN (mmol/L)

4.5 (3.5–6.0)

4.2 (3.3–5.5)

6.97 (4.8–10.1)

 >9.5

32/446 (7%)

7/356 (2%)

25/90 (28%)

Creatinine, (μmol/L)

63.7 (52.1–80.0)

4.2 (3.3–5.5)

73.1 (56.1–99.4)

 >104

30/446 (7%)

12/356 (3%)

18/90 (20%)

UA (μmol/L)

245 (187–305)

247 (194–315

242.00 (153–293)

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 (4.9–7.3)

5.6 (4.9–6.7)

7.2 (5.9–9.7)

 >6.1

200/446 (45%)

136/356 (38%)

64/90 (71%)

 3.9–6.1

235/446 (53%)

210/356 (59%)

25/90 (28%)

 <3.9

11/446 (2%)

10/356 (3%)

1/90 (1%)

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.9 (3.4–4.4)

3.9 (3.4–4.5)

3.8 (3.2–4.3)

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (ng/mL)

0.006 (0.02–0.18)

0.006 (0.002–0.008)

0.02 (0.007–0.038)

IL-6 (pg/mL)

9.5 (6.1–22.0)

7.8 (5.7–15.5)

12.1 (8.9–25.4)

Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.05 (0.05–0.13)

0.05 (0.04–0.09)

0.14 (0.06–0.34)

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

26.8 (5.0–78.5)

18.2 (5.0–49.0)

84.3 (28.8–155.5)

 >10

256/380 (67%)

178/300 (59%)

78/80 (98%)