Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with and Without Influenza IgM positive
Study Population | With Influenza IgM positive (n = 73) | Without Influenza IgM positive (n = 67) | Total (n = 140) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||
 Gender, Male | 39 (53.4) | 37 (55.2) | 76 (54.3) | 0.8310 |
 Age, media (IQR), yrs | 62.0 (47.0, 70.0) | 66.0 (55.0, 70.0) | 65.0 (48.5, 70.0) | 0.1118 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 32/70 (45.7) | 30/67 (44.8) | 62/137 (45.3) | 0.9122 |
 Diabetes | 12/72 (16.7) | 10/67 (14.9) | 22/139 (15.8) | 0.7787 |
 Chronic respiratory disease | 5/72 (6.9) | 5/67 (7.5) | 10/139 (7.2) | 0.9060 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 5/72 (6.9) | 3/67 (4.5) | 8/139 (5.8) | 0.5301 |
 Malignancy | 3/72 (4.2) | 3/67 (4.5) | 6/139 (4.3) | 0.9282 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 2/72 (2.8) | 1/67 (1.5) | 3/139 (2.2) | 0.5983 |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
 Fever | 55 (75.3) | 53 (79.1) | 108 (77.1) | 0.5964 |
 Highest temperature, °C | 38.5 (38.0, 39.0) | 38.7 (38.2, 39.0) | 38.5 (38.0, 39.0) | 0.1274 |
 Chills | 13 (17.8) | 19 (28.4) | 32 (22.9) | 0.1375 |
 Cough | 41/72 (56.9) | 44/67 (65.7) | 85/139 (61.2) | 0.2915 |
 Productive cough | 20/72 (27.8) | 25/67 (37.3) | 45/139 (32.4) | 0.2299 |
 Chest pain/Chest congestion | 19/72 (26.4) | 13/67 (19.4) | 32/139 (23.0) | 0.3283 |
 Dyspnea | 21/72 (29.2) | 29/67 (43.3) | 50/139 (36.0) | 0.0831 |
 Diarrhea | 18 (24.7) | 25 (37.3) | 43 (30.7) | 0.1049 |
 Fatigue or myalgia | 24/72 (33.3) | 34/67 (50.7) | 58/139 (41.7) | 0.0375 |
Laboratory findings, median (IQR) | ||||
 White blood cells, × 109/mL | 5.7 (4.2, 6.8) | 5.7 (4.6, 7.9) | 5.7 (4.4, 7.2) | 0.3226 |
 Neutrophils, × 109/mL | 3.9 (2.5, 4.8) | 4.0 (2.6, 5.9) | 3.9 (2.5, 5.3) | 0.3600 |
 Lymphocytes, ×109/mL | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.3826 |
 Lymphocytes< 0.8 × 109/mL | 18/73 (24.7) | 18/66 (27.3) | 36/139 (25.9) | 0.7252 |
 Red blood cells, × 1012/mL | 4.1 (3.6, 4.6) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.4) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.5) | 0.4502 |
 Platelets, ×109/ mL | 230.0 (173.0, 292.0) | 253.0 (169.0, 340.0) | 235.0 (169.0, 312.0) | 0.3622 |
 Platelets< 100 × 109/mL | 5/73 (6.8) | 6/66 (9.1) | 11/139 (7.9) | 0.6249 |
 Hemoglobin, g/L | 122.0 (114.0, 137.0) | 125.5 (113.0, 137.0) | 123.0 (113.0, 137.0) | 0.9143 |
 ALT, U/L | 23.0 (17.0, 40.0) | 22.5 (15.0, 41.0) | 23.0 (16.0, 41.0) | 0.7373 |
 AST, U/L | 26.0 (19.0, 37.0) | 30.0 (19.0, 41.0) | 28.0 (19.0, 39.0) | 0.3370 |
 Albumin, g/L | 36.1 (32.2, 38.3) | 35.0 (31.4, 37.1) | 35.2 (31.7, 38.1) | 0.2945 |
 Creatinine, μmol/L | 70.0 (60.0, 89.5) | 70.0 (59.0, 87.0) | 70.0 (59.0, 89.0) | 0.8596 |
 LDH, U/L | 268.5 (204.0, 329.5) | 287.0 (235.0, 351.0) | 281.0 (212.0, 334.0) | 0.2419 |
 LDH > 245 U/L | 44/72 (61.1) | 47/65 (72.3) | 91/137 (66.4) | 0.1658 |
 Troponin> 15.6 pg/mL, No (%) | 7/51 (13.7) | 12/56 (21.4) | 19/107 (17.8) | 0.2977 |
 NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 140.0 (60.0, 334.0) | 157.0 (64.0, 459.0) | 151.0 (63.0, 411.0) | 0.2883 |
 NT-proBNP≥247 pg/mL, No (%) | 29/57 (50.9) | 35/58 (60.3) | 64/115 (55.7) | 0.3069 |
 CRP, mg/L | 21.3 (4.1, 49.2) | 34.7 (9.1, 73.4) | 27.2 (6.1, 69.8) | 0.1281 |
 CRP ≥ 1 mg/L, No (%) | 57/61 (93.4) | 47/49 (95.9) | 104/110 (94.5) | 0.5651 |
 IL-6, pg/mL | 9.8 (4.2, 21.1) | 6.8 (3.6, 23.2) | 9.4 (3.9, 23.2) | 0.5603 |
 IL-6 ≥ 7 pg/mL, No (%) | 25/42 (59.5) | 15/35 (42.9) | 40/77 (51.9) | 0.1450 |
 Ferritin, μg/L | 522.1 (320.5, 729.0) | 630.5 (310.2, 1519.9) | 562.6 (320.5, 986.5) | 0.0964 |
 Ferritin> 150 μg/L, No (%) | 39/43 (90.7) | 33/35 (94.3) | 72/78 (92.3) | 0.5495 |
 PT, s | 13.7 (13.2, 14.3) | 13.8 (13.4, 14.2) | 13.8 (13.3, 14.3) | 0.9762 |
 APTT, s | 39.6 (35.8, 42.0) | 39.5 (37.8, 45.8) | 39.6 (36.6, 44.3) | 0.0243 |
 APTT> 42 s, No (%) | 17/72 (23.6) | 28/64 (43.8) | 45/136 (33.1) | 0.0127 |
 FIB, g/L | 4.9 (3.9, 6.0) | 5.3 (4.3, 6.2) | 5.0 (4.1, 6.1) | 0.2374 |
 D-Dimer, μg/mL | 0.7 (0.5, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.2371 |
 D-Dimer≥0.5 μg/mL, No (%) | 53/73 (72.6) | 45/64 (70.3) | 98/137 (71.5) | 0.7669 |