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Table 2 Test and biomarker performance in identifying tuberculosis. % (95% CI)

From: Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya

Test (n = 382)

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

AUROC (95% CI)

Youden’s index

Any TB symptom

0 (0–52)

87 (84–91)

0 (0–7)

99 (97–100)

0.436 (0.419–0.453)

 

GeneXpert

20 (1–72)

99 (98–100)

25 (1–81)

99 (97–100)

0.596 (0.400–0.792)

 

TST, induration

    

0.629 (0.244–1.00)

 

  ≥ 5 mm

50 (7–93)

79 (74–83)

3 (0–10)

99 (97–100)

  

  ≥ 10 mm

50 (7–93)

89 (85–92)

5 (1–18)

99 (98–100)

  

CRP

    

0.683 (0.355–1.00)

 

  > 3.3 mg/L

80 (28–100)

72 (67–76)

4 (1–9)

100 (98–100)

 

0.518

  > 5 mg/L

40 (5–85)

79 (75–83)

3 (0.3–9)

99 (97–100)

 

0.193

  > 8 mg/L

40 (5–85)

89 (85–92)

4 (1–15)

99 (97–100)

 

0.286

  > 10 mg/L

20 (1–72)

90 (86–93)

3 (0–14)

99 (97–100)

 

0.099

Hemoglobin

    

0.352 (0.027–0.676)

 

  < 8 g/dL

0 (0–52)

94 (91–96)

0 (0–15)

99 (97–100)

 

−0.064

  < 10 g/dL

60 (15–95)

86 (82–89)

6 (1–16)

99 (98–100)

 

0.458

  < 15.3 g/dL

80 (28–100)

12 (9–16)

1 (0–3)

98 (88–100)

 

0.082

MLR (n = 362)

    

0.449 (0.141–0.757)

 

  > 0.208

40 (5–85)

81 (76–85)

3 (0–10)

99 (97–100)

 

0.207

  ≥ 0.285

0 (0–52)

94 (91–96)

0 (0–16)

99 (97–100)

 

−0.059

NLR (n = 360)

    

0.540 (0.200–0.879)

 

  ≥ 1.5

40 (5–85)

80 (76–84)

3 (0–10)

99 (97–100)

 

0.200

ESR (n = 380)

    

0.682 (0.436–0.927)

 

  ≥ 35.5 mm

60 (15–95)

78 (74–82)

4 (1–10)

99 (99–100)

 

0.381

  1. TB Tuberculosis, TST Tuberculin skin test, CRP C-reactive protein, MLR Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, NLR Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value, AUROC Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve - ROC and 95% CIs estimates derived using “roctab” command in Stata [22]