Table 1 Participant characteristics overall and by TB status. N (%) unless otherwise indicated
From: Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya
Characteristics | All (n = 383) | TB (n = 5) | No TB (n = 378) | OR | 95% CI‖ | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | ||||||
 Age, years (median (IQR)) | 37 (31–45) | 32 (30–32) | 37 (31–45) | 0.96 | (0.87–1.06) | 0.37 |
 Men | 159 (41.5) | 1 (20.0) | 158 (41.8) | 0.35 | (0.04–3.14) | 0.35 |
 BMI (median (IQR)) | 22.1 (19.7–24.8) | 23.4 (21–26) | 22.1 (19.7–24.8) | 1.00 | (0.98–1.03) | 0.79 |
 Education, years (median (IQR)) | 8 (7–12) | 8 (7–10) | 8 (7–12) | 1.05 | (0.79–1.40) | 0.74 |
 Unemployed | 60 (15.7) | 0 | 60 (15.9) | 0.33 | ||
 Currently married | 261 (68.2) | 5 (100) | 256 (67.7) | 0.12 | ||
 Alcohol use, current (n = 377) | 49 (12.7) | 0 (0) | 48 (12.7) (n = 377) | 0.39 | ||
IPT | ||||||
 IPT history (n = 381) | 330 (86.6) | 3 (60.0) | 327 (87.0)a | 0.22 | (0.04–1.38) | 0.11 |
 Completed 6 months of IPT (n = 328) | 317 (96.7) | 3 (100) n = 3 | 314 (96.6)b | 0.75 | ||
HIV | ||||||
 ART, current (n = 380) | 379 (99.7) | 5 (100) | 374 (99.7)c (n = 375) | 0.91 | ||
 TDF/3TC/EFV (n = 377) | 182 (48.3) | 3 (60) | 179 (48.1) (n = 372) | |||
 TDF/3TC/NVP | 124 (32.9) | 1 (20) | 123 (33.1) | |||
 AZT/3TC/NVP | 34 (9.0) | 1 (20) | 33 (8.9) | |||
 TDF/3TC/LPVr | 7 (1.9) | 0 | 7 (1.9) | |||
 AZT/3TC/LPVr | 7 (1.9) | 0 | 7 (1.9) | |||
 Other/unknown | 23 (6.1) | 0 | 23 (6.2) | |||
 Time on ART, years (median (IQR)) (n = 378) | 5.76 (2.39–9.19) | 3.76 (1.31–3.85) | 5.82 (2.39–9.20)d | 0.98 | (0.93–1.04) | 0.53 |
 CD4 (n = 314) (median (IQR)) | 405 (276–558) | 370 (195–398) | 408 (277–558) (n = 309) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.00) | 0.35 |
 CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 | 43 (13.7) | 2 (40) | 41 (13.3) | 4.36 | (0.71–26.9) | 0.11 |
 CD4 < 500 cells/mm3 | 209 (66.6) | 4 (80) | 205 (66.3) | 2.03 | (0.23–18.4) | 0.53 |
 VL, IU/mL (n = 372) | 20 (0–41) | 9 (0–20) | 20 (0–50) (n = 367) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.0) | 0.72 |
 Suppressed VL, < 1000 IU/mL | 346 (93.0) | 5 (100) | 341 (92.9) | 0.54 | ||
 Co-trimoxazole | 362 (94.5) | 5 (100) | 357 (94.4) | 0.59 | ||
TB symptoms | ||||||
 Any (n = 382) | 48 (12.6) | 0 (0) | 48 (12.7) (n = 377) | 0.39 | ||
 Current cough | 31 (8.0) | 0 | 31 (8.1) | |||
 Cough > 2 weeks | 8 (2.1) | 0 | 8 (2.1) | |||
 Weight loss | 9 (2.3) | 0 | 9 (2.4) | |||
 Fever | 5 (1.3) | 0 | 5 (1.3) | |||
 Night sweats | 18 (4.7) | 0 | 18 (4.8) | |||
TB symptoms present in clinic chart (n = 267) | 5 (1.9) | 0 | 5 (1.9) (n = 261) | 0.76 | ||
History of TB (n = 380) | 58 (15.3) | 2 (50) (n = 4) | 56 (14.9)a | 5.71 | (0.79–41.4) | 0.09 |
TST, mm induration (n = 330) | 0 (0–4) | 6 (0–17) | 0 (0–4) | 1.18 | (1.01–1.38) | 0.03 |
TST ≥ 5 mm (n = 330) | 72 (21.5) | 2 (50) (n = 4) | 70 (21.5) (n = 326) | 3.66 | (0.5–26.4) | 0.20 |
TST ≥ 10 mm (n = 330) | 38 (11.5) | 2 (50) (n = 4) | 36 (11.0) (n = 326) | 8.06 | (1.10–58.95) | 0.04 |
History of TB in household members (n = 381) | 42 (10.9) | 1 (20) | 40 (10.6) (n = 376) | 2.10 | (0.23–19.25) | 0.51 |