Latent Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 5. Associations between T. gondii seropositivity and vascular injury biomarkers, percent change in median biomarker level adjusted for covariates. Sociodemographic covariates in regression models for VCAM-1 and CRP were: gender, race, smoking, BMI, water supply type; for ICAM-1: race, smoking, BMI, water supply type; and for SAA: gender, race, and history of living on a farm

Model	T. gondii serostatus	VCAM-1		ICAM-1		CRP		SAA
Model	T. gondii serostatus	Effect estimate (95% CI)	p value	Effect estimate (95% CI)	p value	Effect estimate (95% CI)	p value	Effect estimate (95% CI)	p value
Model 1. Adjusted for age	Negative	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	Positive	12 (4, 21)	0.002	15 (6, 26)	0.001	53 (7, 118)	0.02	21 (−11, 64)	0.22
Model 2. Adjusted for age and sociodemographic covariates	Negative	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Model 2. Adjusted for age and sociodemographic covariates	Positive	11 (4, 20)	0.003	9 (1, 17)	0.04	36 (1, 83)	0.04	23 (−7, 64)	0.15
Model 3. Adjusted for model 2 covariates, CMV serostatus and diabetes.	Negative	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	Positive	11 (4, 19)	0.004	8 (0, 17)	0.05	34 (0, 81)	0.05	22 (−8, 62)	0.18

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