Table 1 Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of patients
Characteristics | Total (n = 648) | Maximal size of abscess | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 5 cm (n = 293) | 5 ~ 10 cm (n = 312) | ≥ 10 cm (n = 43) | |||
Age, years | 65.7 ± 14.6 | 65.5 ± 14.9 | 66.4 ± 14.3 | 62.2 ± 14.7 | 0.658 |
Male sex | 406 (62.7) | 188 (64.2) | 190 (60.9) | 28 (65.1) | 0.668 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 23.1 ± 3.7 | 0.850 |
Significant alcohol drinking | 58 (9.0) | 29 (9.9) | 25 (8.0) | 4 (9.3) | 0.717 |
Underlying disease | |||||
 Malignancy | 95 (14.7) | 48 (16.4) | 41 (13.1) | 6 (14.0) | 0.525 |
 Biliary disease | 170 (26.2) | 81 (27.6) | 81 (26.0) | 8 (18.6) | 0.448 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 183 (28.2) | 85 (29.0) | 82 (26.3) | 16 (37.2) | 0.304 |
 Hypertension | 212 (32.7) | 101 (34.5) | 102 (32.7) | 9 (20.9) | 0.210 |
 Chronic liver disease | 32 (4.9) | 15 (5.1) | 14 (4.5) | 3 (7.0) | 0.765 |
 Previous liver abscess | 10 (1.5) | 5 (1.7) | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.693 |
Vital sign at admission | |||||
 Decreased mentality | 16 (2.6) | 8 (2.9) | 8 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.560 |
 Systolic BP, mmHg | 117.4 ± 22.5 | 118.6 ± 23.1 | 116.2 ± 21.8 | 117.5 ± 23.0 | 0.314 |
 Diastolic BP, mmHg | 71.5 ± 13.0 | 72.2 ± 13.1 | 70.7 ± 13.1 | 72.4 ± 12.4 | 0.391 |
 Body temperature, °C | 37.3 ± 1.0 | 37.4 ± 1.1 | 37.2 ± 0.9 | 37.2 ± 0.9 | 0.003 |
 Heart rates, /min | 88.2 ± 16.2 | 88.3 ± 16.1 | 87.7 ± 16.2 | 91.5 ± 16.7 | 0.647 |
 Respiratory rates, /min | 19.3 ± 2.0 | 19.3 ± 2.0 | 19.2 ± 2.1 | 19.6 ± 2.0 | 0.799 |
Laboratory findings | |||||
 WBC, /mm3 | 13.8 ± 6.9 | 13.0 ± 7.3 | 14.0 ± 6.3 | 16.7 ± 6.9 | 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 12.2 ± 2.0 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 11.0 ± 2.0 | 0.001 |
 Platelet, × 1000/mm3 | 273.3 ± 221.8 | 239.6 ± 140.4 | 303.4 ± 283.5 | 285.1 ± 134.4 | 0.009 |
 ESR, mm/hr | 65.9 ± 31.7 | 59.2 ± 31.2 | 70.4 ± 30.4 | 77.1 ± 35.6 | < 0.001 |
 PT, INR | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
 Na, mmol/L | 135.7 ± 4.6 | 135.7 ± 4.6 | 135.8 ± 4.6 | 134.6 ± 4.7 | 0.542 |
 AST, IU/L | 94.8 ± 152.0 | 87.6 ± 147.6 | 93.0 ± 148.0 | 157.8 ± 194.6 | 0.040 |
 ALT, IU/L | 83.8 ± 105.3 | 80.0 ± 109.5 | 80.3 ± 88.2 | 134.2 ± 163.8 | 0.045 |
 Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.029 |
 Albumin, g/dL | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 0.637 |
 LD, IU/L | 582.0 ± 297.9 | 569.8 ± 303.3 | 576.7 ± 298.3 | 694.4 ± 240.5 | 0.110 |
 hs-CRP, mg/L | 160.3 ± 84.6 | 139.8 ± 85.3 | 174.9 ± 81.0 | 193.3 ± 75.2 | < 0.001 |
 PCT, ng/mL | 17.4 ± 28.6 | 19.9 ± 30.2 | 17.3 ± 28.8 | 4.6 ± 9.3 | 0.042 |
CT findings | |||||
 Non-single lesion | 166 (25.6) | 88 (30.0) | 73 (23.4) | 5 (11.6) | 0.016 |
 Cystic appearance | 334 (51.5) | 99 (33.8) | 198 (63.5) | 37 (86.0) | < 0.001 |
 Multiloculated abscess | 391 (60.3) | 119 (40.6) | 239 (76.6) | 33 (76.7) | < 0.001 |