Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Details of bat samples collected from five sites during the NiV outbreak in Ernakulum district, Kerala state, India in 2019

Location/Site of the collection in Kerala state	Bat species	NiV positive samples / total number of tested samples [by Real-Time RT PCR]			NiV positive samples/ total serum samples tested [by anti-NiV IgG ELISA]
Location/Site of the collection in Kerala state	Bat species	Throat swab	Rectal swab	Visceral organs	Serum
Site 1-Near River Thodupuzha, Idukki district	Pteropus medius	0/54	1/54^a	2/25^b	4/23
Site 2-Muttom, Thodupuzha, Idukki district	Pteropus medius	0/8	0/8	0/8	0/8
Site 3 -Aluva, Ernakulum district	Pteropus medius	0/29	0/29	1/20^c	6/19
Site 3-Aluva, Ernakulum district	Rousettus	0/32	0/32	0/31	0/20
Site 4-Thuruthipuram, Thekekkara Panchayat, Ernakulum district	Pteropus medius	0/4	0/4	0/4	1/4
Site 5-Vavakkad, Paravoor, Thekekkara Panchayat, Ernakulum district	Pteropus medius	0/14	0/14	0/4	1/4
Total number of bats specimens positive/ tested		0/141	1/141	3/92	12/78

^aRectal swab positivity for NiV RNA (Ct-36.51) trapped from site-1 was observed in only one Pteropus bat [MCL-19-bat-572], which was also positive for NiV RNA by qRTPCR in liver/spleen (Ct-26.47), kidney (Ct-27.9), lung (Ct-26.49), heart (Ct-30.83), reproductive organ (Ct-33.25), and intestine (Ct-31.65)
^b Another Pteropus bat [MCL-19-bat-574] from site 1 were also positive for presence NiV RNA by Real-time RT-PCR in liver/spleen (Ct-28.96), kidney (Ct-34.14), brain (Ct-33.92), lungs (Ct-32.68), heart (Ct-33.58); however, the serum samples of these bats were negative for the presence of anti-NiV IgG antibodies
^c One Pteropus bat [MCL-19-bat-618] from site 3 was positive for the presence of NiV RNA by Real-time RT-PCR in liver/spleen (Ct- 33.62) and for anti-NiV IgG antibodies in serum

ISSN: 1471-2334