Table 1 Descriptive statistics of Individual and community characteristics by sex, Malawi Demographic Health Survey, 2015–16
Variable | Male n (%) 6937 (24.04) | Female n (%) 21,925 (75.96) | Overall n (%) 28,862 (100.00) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual-level factors | ||||
Age (years) | <.0001 | |||
< 25 | 2838 (40.91) | 8891 (40.55) | 11,729 (40.64) | |
25–34 | 1896 (27.33) | 7012 (31.98) | 8908 (30.86) | |
35–44 | 1441 (20.77) | 4626 (21.10) | 6067 (21.02) | |
≥ 45 | 762 (10.98) | 1396 (6.37) | 2158 (7.48) | |
Educational level | <.0001 | |||
No education | 366 (5.28) | 2285 (10.42) | 2651 (9.19) | |
Primary | 3834 (55.27) | 13,260 (60.48) | 17,094 (59.23) | |
Secondary or high | 2737 (39.46) | 6380 (29.10) | 9117 (31.59) | |
Wealth index† | <.0001 | |||
Poorest | 939 (13.54) | 3631 (16.56) | 4570 (15.83) | |
Poorer | 1204 (17.36) | 3824 (17.44) | 5028 (17.42) | |
Middle | 1328 (19.14) | 3982 (18.16) | 5310 (18.40) | |
Richer | 1467 (21.15) | 4440 (20.25) | 5907 (20.47) | |
Richest | 1999 (28.82) | 6048 (27.58) | 8047 (27.88) | |
Religion | <.0001 | |||
Roman catholic | 1299 (18.73) | 3916 (17.86) | 5215 (18.07) | |
CCAP | 1180 (17.01) | 3590 (16.37) | 4770 (16.53) | |
Anglican | 361 (5.20) | 1133 (5.17) | 1494 (5.18) | |
Seventh Day Adventist/Baptist | 491 (7.08) | 1679 (7.66) | 2170 (7.52) | |
Other Christian | 2776 (40.02) | 9215 (42.03) | 11,991 (41.55) | |
Muslim | 655 (9.44) | 2273 (10.37) | 2928 (10.14) | |
No religion/other | 175 (2.52) | 119 (0.54) | 294 (1.02) | |
Marital status | <.0001 | |||
Never in union | 2575 (37.12) | 4526 (20.64) | 7101 (24.60) | |
Currently in union | 4108 (59.22) | 14,443 (65.87) | 14,443 (64.27) | |
Formerly in union | 254 (3.66) | 2956 (13.48) | 2956 (11.12) | |
Amount of media exposure‡ | <.0001 | |||
0 | 1076 (15.51) | 9046 (41.26) | 10,122 (35.07) | |
1 | 2101 (30.29) | 6684 (30.49) | 8785 (30.44) | |
2 | 2157 (31.09) | 3988 (18.19) | 6145 (21.29) | |
3 | 1603 (23.11) | 2207 (10.07) | 3810 (13.20) | |
Occupation | <.0001 | |||
Not working | 960 (13.84) | 7148 (32.60) | 8108 (28.09) | |
Professional/technical/managerial | 490 (7.06) | 1280 (5.84) | 1770 (6.11) | |
Clerical/sales/services | 478 (6.89) | 1537 (7.01) | 2015 (6.98) | |
Agricultural employee | 2701 (38.94) | 8448 (38.53) | 11,149 (38.63) | |
Skilled manual | 800 (11.53) | 335 (1.53) | 1135 (3.93) | |
Unskilled manual | 1508 (21.74) | 3177 (14.49) | 4685 (16.23) | |
Tb can be cured | <.0001 | |||
No | 1010 (14.56) | 4375 (19.95) | 5385 (18.66) | |
Yes | 5927 (85.44) | 17,550 (80.05) | 23,477 (81.34) | |
Community-level factors | ||||
Place of residence | 0.3626 | |||
Urban | 1594 (22.98) | 4923 (22.45) | 6517 (22.58) | |
Rural | 5343 (77.02) | 17,002 (77.55) | 22,345 (77.42) | |
Geographical region | 0.0025 | |||
Northern | 1447 (20.86) | 4286 (19.55) | 5733 (19.86) | |
Central | 2489 (35.88) | 7657 (34.92) | 10,146 (35.15) | |
Southern | 3001 (43.26) | 9982 (45.53) | 12,983 (44.98) | |
Ethnicity | <.0001 | |||
Chewa | 2167 (31.24) | 6556 (29.90) | 8723 (30.22) | |
Tumbuka | 747 (10.77) | 2326 (10.61) | 3073 (10.65) | |
Lomwe | 1251 (18.03) | 4128 (18.83) | 5379 (18.64) | |
Tonga | 253 (3.65) | 871 (3.97) | 1124 (3.89) | |
Yao | 704 (10.15) | 2337 (10.66) | 3041 (10.54) | |
Sena | 299 (4.31) | 949 (4.33) | 1248 (4.32) | |
Nkhonde | 121 (1.74) | 290 (1.32) | 411 (1.42) | |
Ngoni | 878 (12.66) | 2829 (12.90) | 3707 (12.84) | |
Mang’anja | 178 (2.57) | 499 (2.28) | 677 (2.35) | |
Nyanja | 115 (1.66) | 491 (2.24) | 606 (2.10) | |
Other | 224 (3.23) | 649 (2.96) | 873 (3.02) | |
Correct knowledge of TB transmission | <.0001 | |||
No | 2522 (36.36) | 8602 (39.23) | 11,124 (38.54) | |
Yes | 4415 (63.64) | 13,323 (60.77) | 17,738 (61.46) | |