Table 1 Study population characteristics
|  | Total | Low-dose (< 10 mg/kg/d) | Intermediate-dose (10-20 mg/kg/d) | High-dose (> 20 mg/kg/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 411 | 27 (6.6) | 319 (77.6) | 65 (15.8) |
Male sex, n (%) | 223 (54.3) | 9 (33.3) | 181 (56.7) | 33 (50.8) |
Age, years (mean, [IQR]) | 64.5 [55–76] | 69.2 [61–80] | 64.1 [55–76] | 64.6 [51–78] |
Weight, kg (mean, [IQR]) | 82.5 [68–95] | 99.8 [75–125] | 84.5 [70–95] | 65.6 [55–80] |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean, [IQR]) | 29.1 [23. 9–33] | 35.8 [27.5–42] | 29.4 [24.8–33.1] | 24.2 [20.4–29] |
Obesity, n (%) | 167 (40.1) | 20 (74.1) | 133 (41.7) | 14 (21.6) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Chronic alcohol consumption | 34 (8.3) | 2 (7.4) | 26 (8.2) | 6 (9.2) |
 Diabetes | 74 (8) | 7 (26) | 63 (19.7) | 4 (6.2) |
 Chronic kidney disease > grade IIIB | 18 (4.4) | 3 (11.1) | 13 (4.1) | 2 (3.1) |
 Immune deficiency factor | 33 (10.5) | 1 (3.7) | 26 (8.2) | 6 (9.2) |
 Chronic liver disease | 6 (1.5) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.5) |
Infection site, n (%) | ||||
 Hip | 164 (39.9) | 7 (26) | 131 (41.1) | 26 (40) |
 Femur | 17 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 10 (3.1) | 7 (10.8) |
 Knee | 123 (9.9) | 13 (48.1) | 94 (29.5) | 16 (24.6) |
 Tibia | 29 (7.1) | 2 (7.4) | 25 (7.8) | 4 (6.2) |
 Ankle | 38 (9.2) | 4 (14.8) | 28 (8.8) | 4 (6.2) |
 Foot | 13 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 11 (3.4) | 2 (3.1) |
 Upper limb ** | 28 (6.6) | 1 (3.7) | 20 (6.3) | 6 (9.2) |
Delay of PJI | ||||
 Acute prosthesis infection (< 3 months) | 196 (47.7) | 13 (48.1) | 147 (46.1) | 36 (55.4) |
 Chronic prosthesis infection (> 12 months) | 130 (31.6) | 9 (33.3) | 104 (32.6) | 17 (26.2) |
Surgical method | ||||
 Prosthesis replacement | 212 (51.6) | 13 (48.1) | 173 (54.2) | 24 (36.9) |
 Prosthetic device removal | 78 (19.0) | 2 (7.4) | 59 (18.5) | 15 (23.1) |
 Implant retention | 83 (20.7) | 5 (18,5) | 59 (18.5) | 19 (29.2) |
 Arthrodesis | 5 (1.2) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) |
 Explantation | 31 (7.5) | 1 (3.7) | 23 (7.2) | 6 (9.2) |
 No surgery | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Germs, n (%) | ||||
 Staphylococcus aureus | 289 (70.3) | 19 (70.4) | 229 (71.8) | 42 (64.6) |
  Methicillin-sensitive | 235 (81.3) | 18 (94.7) | 187 (81.7) | 33 (78.6) |
  Methicillin-resistant | 51 (17.7) | 1 (5.3) | 42 (18.39 | 9 (21.4) |
 Coagulase negative Staphylococcus | 122 (29.7) | 8 (29.6) | 90 (28.2) | 23 (35.4) |
  Methicillin-sensitive | 67 (54.9) | 3 (37.5) | 51 (56.7) | 12 (52.2) |
  Methicillin-resistant | 55 (40.6) | 5 (62.5) | 39 (43.3) | 11 (47.8) |
Polymicrobial infection | 107 (26) | 4 (14.8) | 87 (27.3) | 16 (24.6) |
Delay between prosthesis implantation and infection diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
  < 3 months | 196 (47.7) | 13 (48.1) | 147 (46.1) | 36 (55.4) |
 3–12 months | 85 (20.7) | 5 (18.5 | 68 (21.3) | 12 (18.5) |
  > 12 months | 130 (31.6) | 9 (33.3) | 104 (32.6) | 17 (26.2) |
Rifampicin treatment | ||||
 Dosage, mg/kg/day (mean,[IQR]) | 15.7 [12.8–18] | 8.7 [8–9.8] | 14.8 [12.9–16.7] | 22.9 [20.7–24] |
 Full treatment course, n (%) | 321 (78.1) | 18 (66,6) | 55 (84) | 248 (77,7) |
Combination treatment used | ||||
 Fluoroquinolones | 278 (67.6) | 20 (74.1) | 214 (67.4) | 44 (67.7) |
 Clindamycin | 64 (15.6) | 5 (18.5) | 51 (16) | 8 (12.3) |
 Glycopeptides | 36 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 28 (8.8) | 8 (12.3) |
 Cotrimoxazole | 17 (4.1) | 1 (3.7) | 13 (4.1) | 3 (4.6) |
 Penicillin | 6 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0) |
 Cephalosporins | 2 (0.49) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
 Doxycyclin | 2 (0.49) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) |
 Daptomycin | 2 (0.49) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.5) |
 Oxazolidinone | 2 (0.49) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.5) |
 Fosfomycin | 1 (0.24) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
 Dalbavancin | 1 (0.24) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |