Table 3 Main interventions and outcomes in patients with diabetes and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) compared to patients with no diabetes and MERS
Variables | Diabetes N = 171 | No Diabetes N = 179 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Interventions | |||
 Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation – no. (%) | 64 (37.4) | 43 (24.0) | 0.007 |
 Invasive ventilation – no. (%) | 153 (89.5) | 146 (81.6) | 0.04 |
  Duration, median (Q1, Q3) | 9.5 (4.0,17.0) | 9.0 (4.0, 16.0) | 0.68 |
 Neuromuscular blockade – no. (%) | 55 (32.2) | 78 (43.6) | 0.03 |
 High-frequency oscillation ventilation – no. (%) | 16 (9.4) | 10 (5.6) | 0.18 |
 ECMO – no. (%) | 6 (3.5) | 16 (8.9) | 0.04 |
 Nitric oxide – no. (%) | 28 (16.4) | 16 (8.9) | 0.04 |
 Prone positioning – no. (%) | 14 (8.2) | 19 (10.6) | 0.44 |
  Duration, median (Q1, Q3) | 3.0 (2.0,3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 0.97 |
 Any oxygen rescue therapy – no. (%) | 73 (42.7) | 84 (46.9) | 0.43 |
 Vasopressors – no. (%) | 147 (86.0) | 129 (72.1) | 0.002 |
  Duration, median (Q1, Q3) | 6.5 (4.0,13.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 14.0) | 0.83 |
Blood transfusion – no. (%) | 59 (34.5) | 58 (32.4) | 0.68 |
Antivirals – no. (%) | |||
 Both interferon and ribavirin – no. (%) | 70 (40.9) | 47 (26.3) | 0.02^ |
 Interferon only – no. (%) | 4 (2.3) | 5 (2.8) | |
 Ribavirin only – no. (%) | 10 (5.8) | 8 (4.5) | |
 Oseltamivir – no. (%) | 89 (52.0) | 107 (59.8) | 0.15 |
Corticosteroids – no. (%) | 100 (58.5) | 75 (41.9) | 0.002 |
Renal replacement therapy – no. (%) | 103 (60.2) | 71 (39.7) | 0.0001 |
 Duration, median (Q1, Q3) | 8.0 (4.0,14.0) | 8.0 (3.0, 14.0) | 0.92 |
Intravenous immunoglobins – no. (%) | 9 (5.3) | 15 (8.4) | 0.25 |
Tracheostomy – no (%) | 5 (2.9) | 9 (5.0) | 0.32 |
Outcomes | |||
 ICU mortality – no. (%) | 133 (77.8) | 95 (53.1) | < 0.0001 |
 Hospital mortality – no. (%) | 136 (79.5) | 102 (57.0) | < 0.0001 |
 90-day mortality – no. (%) | 135 (78.9) | 98 (54.7) | < 0.0001 |
 28-day mortality – no. (%) | 127 (74.3) | 90 (50.3) | < 0.0001 |
 14-day mortality – no. (%) | 89 (52.0) | 76 (42.5) | 0.07 |
 ICU length of stay (days), median (Q1, Q3) | 11.0 (6.0,19.0) | 8.0 (5.0, 17.0) | 0.05 |
 Hospital length of stay (days), median (Q1, Q3) | 18.0 (10.0,33.0) | 20.0 (10.0, 37.0) | 0.63 |