Table 1 Characteristics of studies describing the prevalence of bacterial otitis media

1

Afolabi OA et al. (2012) [27]

Nigeria

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

5-10 yrs. = 46; 11-20 yrs. = 26; 21-30 yrs. = 18; 31-40 yrs. = 20; 41-50 yrs. = 6; 51-60 yrs. = 10; 61-70 yrs. = 14

2

Appiah-Korang L., et al. (2014) [28]

Ghana

CS®

patients with OM

Ear swab

<=1 yrs. = 64; 2-4 yrs. = 63; 5-13 yrs. = 55; 14-19 yrs. = 11; 20-44 yrs. = 53; 45-64 yrs. = 19; > = 65 yrs. = 7

3

Argaw-Denboba A et.al. (2014) [29]

Ethiopia

CS®

patients with OM

Ear discharge

< 5 yrs. = 153; 5-15 yrs. = 253; 16-35 yrs. = 434; 36-50 yrs. = 105; > = 51 = 47

4

Chidozie AH et al. (2015) [30]

Nigeria

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear discharge

<=5 yrs. = 137

5

Chirwa M., et al. (2015) [31]

Malawi

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 18 yrs. = 64; > = 18 yrs. = 40

6

Ejiofor S. O., et al. (2016) [32]

Nigeria

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear swab

<=1 yrs. = 22; 2-4 yrs. = 8; 5-7 yrs. = 5; 8-9 yrs. = 5

7

Elmustafa M., et al. (2016) [33]

Sudan

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 16 yrs. = 90; 16-30 yrs. = 50; 31-45 yrs. = 37; 46-60 yrs. = 31; > 60 yrs. = 8

8

Fayemiwo SA et.al. (2017) [34]

Nigeria

CS

patients with OM

Ear discharge

< 10 yrs. = 54; 11-20 yrs. = 8; 21-30 yrs. = 20; 31-40 yrs. = 4; 41-50 yrs. = 3; > 50 yrs. = 9

9

Garba B. I., et al. (2017) [35]

Nigeria

CS®

pediatric patients with OM

Ear swab

0–5 yrs. = 38; 5–10 yrs. = 10; 10-15 yrs. = 5

10

Habibu A. (2015) [36]

Nigeria

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

0 – 5 yrs. = 14; 6-11 yrs. = 12; 12-17 yrs. = 8; 18-23 yrs. = 1; 24-29 yrs. = 3; 30-35 yrs. = 0; 36-41 yrs. = 0; > 41 yrs. = 1

11

Hailu D., et al. (2016) [37]

Ethiopia

CS®

patients with OM

Ear discharge

0-10 yrs. = 91; 11-20 yrs. = 102; 21-30 yrs. = 51; 31-40 yrs. = 31; 41-50 yrs. = 17; 51-60 yrs. = 3; > 61 yrs. = 1

12

Jido BA et al. (2014) [38]

Nigeria

CS

Patients with OM

Ear swab

0-5 yrs. = 61; 6-10 yrs. = 14; 11-15 yrs. = 5;> = 16 yrs. = 6

13

Jik A et al. (2015) [39]

Nigeria

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear swab

1-3 yrs. = 59; 4-6 yrs. = 47; 7-9 yrs. = 30; 10-12 yrs. = 18

14

Justin R et al. (2018) [40]

Uganda

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 18 yrs. = 47; > 18 yrs. = 42

15

Kazeem M. J. and R. Aiyeleso (2016) [41]

Nigeria

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 10 yrs. = 256; 11-20 yrs. = 72; 21-30 yrs. = 26; 31-40 yrs. = 15; 41-50 yrs. = 3; 51-60 yrs. = 7; > 60 yrs. = 1

16

Matundwelo N. and C. Mwansasu (2016) [42]

Zambia

CS®

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

0-7 yrs. = 34; 8-15 yrs. = 26

17

Muluye D et al. (2013) [43]

Ethiopia

CS®

patients with OM

Ear discharge

0-5 yrs. = 51; 6-10 yrs. = 31; 11-15 yrs. = 17; 16-20 yrs. = 21; 21-30 yrs. = 45; 31-40 yrs. = 21; > = 41 yrs. = 18

18

Nwogwugwu, NU et al. (2014) [44]

Nigeria

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear discharge

no age specific data

19

Ogah S. and J. Ogah (2016) [45]

Nigeria

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

0-10 yrs. = 34; 11-20 yrs. = 28; 21 = 30 yrs. = 16; 31-40 yrs. = 12; 41-50 yrs. = 8; 51-60 yrs. = 6; 61-70 yrs. = 2; 71-80 yrs. = 4

20

Ohieku, J. and F. Fakuade (2013) [46]

Nigeria

CS

Patients with OM

Ear swab

0-2 yrs. = 49; 2-5 yrs. = 20; 6-12 yrs. = 9; 13-18 yrs. = 4; 19-64 yrs. = 24; > = 65 yrs. = 1

21

Onifade AK et al. (2018) [47]

Nigeria

CS

Patients with OM

Ear discharge

22

Orji F. T. and B. O. Dike (2015) [48]

Nigeria

CS®

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 1 yrs. = 12; 1-5 yrs. = 37; 5-15 yrs. = 58; > 15 yrs. = 99

23

Ouedraogo RW et al. (2012) [49]

Burkina Faso

CS

patients with OM

Ear swab

no age specific data

24

Phiri H., et al. (2016) [50]

Zambia

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

<=5 yrs. = 19; 6-10 yrs. = 7; 11-15 yrs. = 7; 16-20 yrs. = 15; 21-25 yrs. = 7; 26-30 yrs. = 13; 31-35 yrs. = 6; 36-40 yrs. = 8; 41-45 yrs. = 5; 46-50 yrs. = 5; 51-55 yrs. = 2; 61-65 yrs. = 1; 66-70 yrs. = 5

25

Seid A et al. (2014) [51]

Ethiopia

CS

patients with OM

Ear discharge

< 5ys = 33; 5-9 yrs. = 18; 10-14 yrs. = 35; 15-19 yrs. = 32; 20-24 yrs. = 20; 25-29 yrs. = 17; 30-34 yrs. = 7; 35-39 yrs. = 10; 40-44 yrs. = 6; 45-49 yrs. = 4; > = 50 yrs. = 9

26

Tiedt NJ et al. (2013) [52]

South Africa

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear discharge

< 13 yrs. = 86

27

Udden F., et al. (2018) [53]

Angola

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

< 5 yrs. = 34; 5-9 yrs. = 23; 10-14 yrs. = 24; > = 15 yrs. = 55; no age data = 16

28

Wasihun A. G. and Y. Zemene (2015) [54]

Ethiopia

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

0-5 yrs. = 30; 6-10 yrs. = 41; 11-15 yrs. = 22; 16-20 yrs. = 11; 21-25 yrs. = 23; 26-30 yrs. = 9; > 30 yrs. = 26

29

Worku S., et al. (2017) [55]

Ethiopia

CS

patients with OM

Ear discharge

< 15 yrs. = 60; 15-40 yrs. = 81; > 40 yrs. = 26

30

Adoga AA et al. (2011) [56]^a

Nigeria

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

1-10 yrs. = 40; 11-20 yrs. = 23; 21-30 yrs. = 16; 31-50 yrs. = 11; > 50 yrs. = 7

31

Hailegiyorgis TT et al. (2018) [57]^a

Ethiopia

CS

pediatric patients with OM

Ear swab

< 2 yrs. = 41; 2-4 yrs. = 36; > 4-5 yrs. = 18

32

Mushi M. F., et al. (2016) [58]^a

Tanzania

CS

patients with CSOM

Ear discharge

1-10 yrs. = 31; 11-20 yrs. = 52; 21-30 yrs. = 51; 31-40 yrs. = 59; 41-50 yrs. = 55; > 50 yrs. = 33

33

Worku M. and M. Bekele (2014) [59]^a

Ethiopia

CS

patients with OM

Ear swab

Children = 53; Adult = 64