Table 5 Risk factors associated with mortality in SA endocarditis. Results of bivariate and multivariate analyses

Age (yrs), media (± DS)

61.5 (±16.83)

56.4 (±17.75)

1.02(0.997–1.042); 0.09

Females, n (%)

66 (36.3)

76 (33.9)

Native IE, n (%)

146(80.2)

168(75)

Early prosthetic IE, n (%)

17(9.4)

9 (4)

1.307(0.395–4.328); 0.661

Late prosthetic IE, n (%)

22 (12.2)

20(8.9)

IE in devices (AICD, PMK), n (%)

5 (2.8)

29(12.9)

0.34(0.06–2.12); 0.252

 Mitral

115 (64.6)

110 (49.5)

1.456 (0.742–2.86); 0.274

 Aortic

61 (34.1)

73 (32.9)

 Tricuspid

21 (11.7)

30 (13.5)

 Pulmonary

4 (2.2)

0

 Mitral and aortic

9 (4.9)

12 (5.3)

 Mitral, aortic, and tricuspid

2 (1.1)

1(0.04)

 Mitral and tricuspid

10 (5.5)

6 (2.6)

Community acquisition setting, n (%)

93 (51.1)

129 (57.6)

 1985–1999

37 (20.3)

28 (12.5)

8.391(2.82–24.95); 0.0001

 2000–2009

78 (42.9)

67(29.9)

6.41 (2.921–14.06); 0.0001

 2010–2017

67 (36.8)

129 (57.6)

 HUVR, (n = 156)

75 (41.2)

81 (36.2)

 HUVM, (n = 47)

18 (9.9)

29 (12.9)

 HURM, (n = 63)

28 (15.4)

35 (15.6)

 HUVV, (n = 54)

24 (13.2)

30 (11.4)

 HCS, (n = 18)

8 (4.4)

10 (4.5)

 HJRJ, (n = 23)

15 (8.2)

8 (3.6)

 HUSC, (n = 11)

5 (2.7)

6 (2.7)

 HUVN, (n = 34)

9 (4.9)

25 (11.2)

 - Previous IE

11 (4.9)

12(36.6)

 - Previous valve disease

90 (51.7)

92(42.2)

0.846(0.437–1.64);0.621

  Rheumatic

33 (19.4)

22(10.2)

  Myxoid

8 (4.7)

20(9.3)

  Degenerative/calcified

36 (21.2)

27(12.6)

  Congenital

6 (3.5)

16(7.4)

 - Heart disease

110 (60.4)

123(54.9)

 - Acute myocardial infarction previous to IE

8 (4.4)

12(5.4)

 - Auricular fibrillation

20(11.1)

17(7.6)

 - Cardiomyopathy

17 (9.4)

26(11.6)

 - COPD

31(17.2)

27(12.1)

 - Diabetes mellitus

49(27.2)

52(23.2)

 - Hypertension

56(30.8)

84(37.7)

 - Peripheral vascular disease

9(5)

16(7.1)

 - Stroke

14(7.8)

12(5.4)

 - Dementia

5(2.8)

2(0.9)

 - Active neoplasm

20(11.2)

13 (5.8)

6.627(1.72–25.53); 0.006

 - Kidney failure

38 (21)

47(21)

 - Hemodialysis

12(6.6)

16 (7)

 - Liver disease

22 (12.2)

29 (12.9)

  - Child-Pugh A

10 ()

18 ()

   - Child-Pugh B

5()

4 ()

  - Child-Pugh C

2 (1.1)

2 (0.9)

 - HIV infection

4(2.2)

7(3.2)

 - IVDA

15(8.3)

23(10.3)

 -Transplant (*)

0

5(2.2)

Charlson’s index, median (IQR)

4 (2–5)

2 (0.9–4)

History of invasive procedure or previous focus, n (%)

115 (63.2)

133 (59.6)

Going to hospital during first 7 days of symptom onset, n (%)

110 (63.6)

105(51.5)

Adequate antibiotic treatment, n (%)

139(76.4)

183 (81.6

Severe sepsis/septic shock, n (%)

85(46.7)

62(27.8)

2.286(1.053–4.96); 0.037

Manifestations in CNS, n (%)

93 (51.1)

73 (32.6)

0.878(0.433–1.778); 0.717

 - Encephalopathy

47 (37.6)

35 (22.6)

 - Meningitis

11 (8.9)

9 (5.8)

 - Brain abscess

0

6 (3.9)

 - Embolic stroke

37 (29.6)

29 (18.7)

 - Hemorrhagic stroke with no previous embolism

14 (11.3)

8 (5.2)

Renal embolism, n (%)

5 (2.8)

1 (0.4)

Large vessel embolism, n (%)

13 (7.3)

18 (8.1)

Spleen embolism, n (%)

11(6.2)

16 (7.2)

Kidney failure during IE (**), n (%)

94 (52.2)

6 (33.9)

1.279 (0.67–2.44); 0.455

Heart failure, n (%)

109 (60.2)

75 (33.8)

1.65(0.773–3.523); 0.196 0.846(0.312-

Osteoarticular dissemination, n (%)

17 (9.6)

38 (17.3)

2.295); 0.743

MRSA, n (%)

30 (16.5)

27 (12.1)

Surgery performed, n (%)

50(27.5)

82(36.6)

1.778 (0.299–10.592); 0.527

Surgery indicated and conducted without delay, n (%)

42(23.1)

81 (36.2)

0.242(0.041–1.426); 0.117

Surgery indicated and conducted with delay > 48 h in left ventricular failure, n (%)

9 (4.9)

2(0.89)

Surgery indicated and not conducted, n (%)

30(16.5)

11(4.9)

2.866(0.936–7.707); 0.066

Early surgery < 2 weeks, n(%)

24 (48)

47 (57.3)

EuroSCORE, median (IQR)

13 (9.5–16)

9(7–12)

1.038(0.862–1.25); 0.692

Logistic EuroSCORE, median (IQR)

30.76(14.7–58.7)

15.4(8.05–28.1)

1.033(0.997–1.069);0.07

Relapse, n (%)

5 (2.7)

9 (4)

Reinfection, n (%)

0

6 (2.6)