Table 1 Categorization of residents, their status, rights, obstacles and restrictions [17]
Category | Status | Rights | Obstacles/Legal restrictions |
|---|---|---|---|
Permanent residents (KT1) | Residents (including both non-migrants and migrants) with permanent household registration at place of current residence | • Purchase and sell land and housing and have land/house ownership certificates • Access to public facilities and social services at current place of residence • Access to formal financial loans • Access to employment | • Access to public social services including education and health care only within their district of residence |
Intra-province migrants (KT2) | Migrants who have permanent household registration in the province/city of current residence | • Purchase and sell land and housing and have land/house ownership certificates. • Access to public facilities and social services • Access to formal financial loans • Access to employment | • Access to education and health care only within the district where they are registered • Lack of access to financial loans/formal financial services |
Long-term, inter-province migrants (KT3) | Migrants who do not have permanent registration at the place of current residence but have temporary registration for 6–12 months with the possibility of extension | • Access to public facilities and social services | • Lack of access to legal housing • KT3 children can go to public schools only when they are not used to full capacity (by KT1 and KT2 children). If the schools are overcrowded, KT3 children must attend private schools, where they have to pay higher school fees • Lack of access to financial loans/formal financial services |
Short-term, inter-province migrants (KT4) | Migrants who do not have permanent registration at the place of current residence but have temporary registration for 1–6 months | Do not have the right to purchase land and access to public social services and financial loans |  |
Unregistered residents | Those who do not belong to any of the above categories | Do not have the right to purchase land and access to public social services and financial loans | Â |