Table 1 Distribution of characteristics of study participants at the three study sites
Participant characteristics | N = 1472 (%) | Uncolonised 517 (%) | Colonised 955 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Mother’s age | |||
  < =19 years | 205 (13.9) | 76 (14.70) | 129 (13.5) |
 20–24 years | 587 (39.9) | 216 (41.8) | 371 (38.9) |
 25–29 years | 454 (30.8) | 151 (29.2) | 303 (31.7) |
  > =30 years | 226 (15.4) | 74 (14.3) | 152 (15.9) |
Education level | |||
 Primary | 488 (33.2) | 185 (35.8) | 303 (31.7) |
 Secondary | 854 (58.0) | 278 (53.8) | 576 (60.3) |
 Tertiary | 130 (8.8) | 53 (10.4) | 76 (8.0) |
Marital status | |||
 Unmarried | 300 (20.4) | 92 (17.8) | 208 (21.8) |
 Married | 1172 (79.6) | 425 (82.2) | 747 (78.2) |
Wealth index | |||
 Quintile1 | 489 (33.2) | 184 (35.6) | 305 (31.9) |
 Quintile2 | 100 (6.8) | 31 (6.0) | 69 (7.2) |
 Quintile3 | 298(20.2) | 106 (20.5) | 192 (20.1) |
 Quintile4 | 295 (20.0) | 96 (18.6) | 199 (20.8) |
 Quintile5 | 290 (19.7) | 100 (19.3) | 190 (19.9) |
Gravidity | |||
 First pregnancy | 442 (30.0) | 163 (31.5) | 279 (29.2) |
 2–4 pregnancies | 910 (61.8) | 303 (58.6) | 607 (63.6) |
 5 or more pregnancies | 120 (8.2) | 51 (9.9) | 69 (7.2) |
Hospitalisation during pregnancy | |||
 No | 1387 (94.2) | 483 (93.4) | 904 (94.7) |
 Yes | 710 (94.5) | 34 (6.6) | 51 (5.3) |
Antenatal visits | |||
 Once | 75 (5.1) | 30 (5.8) | 45 (4.7) |
 2–4 times | 1259 (85.5) | 442 (85.5) | 817 (85.6) |
5 or more times | 138 (9.4) | 45 (8.7) | 93 (9.7) |
Own domestic animals | |||
 No | 1355 (92.1) | 472 (91.3) | 883 (92.5) |
 Yes | 117 (8.0) | 45 (8.7) | 72 (7.5) |
Monthly income level | |||
  < 30 | 205 (13.9) | 76 (14.70) | 129 (13.5) |
 30- < 60 | 587 (39.9) | 216 (41.8) | 371 (38.9) |
 60- < 90 | 454 (30.8) | 151 (29.2) | 303 (31.7) |
  ≥ 90 | 226 (15.4) | 74 (14.3) | 152 (15.9) |
Mode of delivery | |||
 Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 1334 (90.6) | 480 (92.8) | 854 (89.4) |
 Assisted vaginal delivery | 135 (9.2) | 35 (6.8) | 100 (10.5) |
 Caesarean section | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) |
Sexual partners | |||
 No | 824 (70.3) | 302 (71.1) | 522 (69.9) |
 Yes | 185 (15.8) | 58 (13.7) | 127 (17.0) |
 DNK | 163 (13.9) | 65 (15.3) | 98 (13.1) |
Premature rapture of membranes | |||
 No | 1466 (99.6) | 512 (99.0) | 954 (99.9) |
 Yes | 6(0.4) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.1) |
Prolonged labour | |||
 No | 1458 (99.1) | 514 (99.4) | 944 (98.9) |
 Yes | 14 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 11 (1.1) |
Use of mama kit | |||
 No | 1011 (68.7) | 343 (66.3) | 668 (69.9) |
 Yes | 461 (31.3) | 174 (33.7) | 287 (30.1) |
Tetanus toxoid vaccination | |||
 No | 1314 (89.3) | 454 (87.8) | 860 (90.1) |
 Yes | 158 (10.7) | 63 (12.2) | 95 (9.9) |