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Table 3 Comparison of clinical and laboratory findings according to respiratory pathogens in children hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia

From: Annual and seasonal patterns in etiologies of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia due to respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae requiring hospitalization in South Korea

Variables

only MP1

(n = 7455)

MP coinfected with virus2

(n = 1728)

Adenovirus3

(n = 680)

Influenza virus4

(n = 1491)

Metapneumovirus5

(n = 1287)

RSV6

(n = 4521)

P value

Post hoc testa

Age (month), mean ± SD

66.7 ± 39.7

53.3 ± 37.3

34.1 ± 28.0

54.4 ± 46.0

28.1 ± 28.2

15.9 ± 21.0

< 0.0001

1 > 4 = 2 > 3 > 5 > 6

Sex (male), No. (%)

3680 (49.4)

862 (49.9)

389 (57.2)

828 (55.5)

692 (53.8)

2551 (56.4)

< 0.0001

2 > 3 = 6 = 4 = 5 > 1

Duration of Hospitalization (hrs), mean ± SD

159.9 ± 227.4

174.2 ± 339.8

181.4 ± 250.4

136.3 ± 161.2

148.6 ± 166.0

162.2 ± 238.6

< 0.0001

3 = 2 = 6 = 1 ≥ 5 ≥ 4

Administration of steroid, No. (%)

1645 (22.1)

454 (26.3)

75 (11.0)

117 (7.9)

170 (13.2)

622 (13.8)

< 0.0001

2 > 1 > 6 = 5 = 3 > 4

Oxygen supplementation, No. (%)

299 (4.0)

109 (6.3)

67 (9.9)

82 (5.5)

147 (11.4)

905 (20.0)

< 0.0001

6 > 5 > 3 > 2 = 4 = 1

Ventilator care, No. (%)

12 (0.2)

4 (0.2)

8 (1.2)

14 (0.9)

12 (0.9)

51 (1.1)

< 0.0001

3 = 6 > 4 = 5 = 2 = 1

ICU care, No. (%)

27 (0.4)

11 (0.6)

13 (1.9)

23 (1.5)

17 (1.3)

119 (2.6)

< 0.0001

6 ≥ 3 = 4 = 5 = 2 > 1

WBC (× 103/μL), median ± IQR

8275 ± 4700

8870 ± 5560

11,810 ± 7155

7510 ± 4760

8700 ± 5142.5

9660 ± 4857.5

< 0.0001

3 > 2 > 4 > 6 > 1 = 5

Neutrophil (%), median ± IQR

60.1 ± 21.8

57.6 ± 26.2

56.2 ± 25.8

57.5 ± 32.2

42.3 ± 29.6

35 ± 28.4

< 0.0001

1 > 2 = 3 = 4 > 5 > 6

Lymphocyte (%), median ± IQR

28.5 ± 18.8

31 ± 22.8

33 ± 25

29.7 ± 28

46 ± 27.2

51.8 ± 26.5

< 0.0001

6 > 5 > 2 = 3 = 4 > 1

Eosinophil (%), median ± IQR

1.6 ± 3.3

1.1 ± 2.5

0.4 ± 1.4

0.4 ± 1

0.5 ± 1.2

1 ± 2

< 0.0001

1 > 2 > 6 > 3 = 4 = 5

Hb, median ± IQR

12.4 ± 1.2

12.3 ± 1.2

11.8 ± 1.2

12.3 ± 1.5

12 ± 1.3

11.9 ± 1.7

< 0.0001

1 ≥ 2 = 4 > 5 ≥ 6 ≥ 3

Platelet (×103/μL), median ± IQR

293.0 ± 140.0

284.0 ± 126.0

297.0 ± 144.8

232.0 ± 102.0

260.0 ± 132.0

328.0 ± 166.0

< 0.0001

6 > 1 ≥ 3 ≥ 2 > 5 > 4

AST, U/L, median ± IQR

29.0 ± 9.0

30.0 ± 9.0

31.0 ± 8.0

31.0 ± 9.0

34.0 ± 8.0

33.0 ± 8.0

< 0.0001

5 ≥ 6 > 3 = 4 = 2 > 1

ALT, U/L, median ± IQR

14.0 ± 7.0

14.0 ± 7.0

14.0 ± 8.0

15.0 ± 9.0

16.0 ± 9.0

18.0 ± 10.0

< 0.0001

6 > 5 = 4 > 3 = 2 = 1

LDH, U/L, median ± IQR

479.0 ± 294.5

475.0 ± 348.5

516.5 ± 326.8

467.0 ± 292.5

549.0 ± 311.0

540 ± 300

< 0.0001

6 > 5 = 3 = 2 = 1 > 4

CRP, mg/dL, median ± IQR

2.2 ± 4.8

1.6 ± 3.8

2.7 ± 4.9

1.0 ± 2.6

1.1 ± 2.8

0.6 ± 1.8

< 0.0001

1 ≥ 3 ≥ 2 > 5 = 4 > 6

ESR, mm/hr., median ± IQR

31.0 ± 30.0

30.0 ± 30.0

34.0 ± 35.0

14.0 ± 19.2

20 ± 23

15.0 ± 22.0

< 0.0001

3 > 1 = 2 > 5 > 6 > 4

  1. ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Hb hemoglobin, ICU intensive care unit, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MP Mycoplasma pneumoniae, NA not applicable, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, SD standard deviation, WBC white blood cell count
  2. aGroup 1, MP pneumonia; group 2, MP co-infected with virus; group 3, adenovirus; group 4, influenza virus; group 5, Metapneumovirus; group 6, RSV; The inequality or equal signs mean the rank order of post hoc analyses
  3. bPost hoc analyses were used to examine if the characteristics of MP pneumonia groups were statistically significant with chi-squared test. For the continuous variables, one-way ANOVA tests were conducted to compare groups, followed by Mann-Whitney U test