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Table 2 Independent factors associated with acute rubella (Zambia 2005–2016)

From: Epidemiology of acute rubella infection in Zambia during the pre-vaccination period (2005–2016) as a baseline for monitoring rubella epidemiology in the post-rubella vaccine introduction era

Factor

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Age (years)

  < 1

0.31 (0.21–0.48)

 1–4

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

 5–9

1.97 (1.66–2.34)

 10–14

2.43 (2.01–2.95)

 15–24

1.34 (1.06–1.69)

 25+

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Province

 Central

1.00 (0.79–1.27)

 Copperbelt

0.91 (0.76–1.08)

 Eastern

1.10 (0.82–1.49)

 Luapula

0.63 (0.48–0.83)

 Lusaka

0.84 (0.71–0.99)

 North-Western

1.40 (1.05–1.85)

 Northern

1.16 (0.92–1.45)

 Southern

0.93 (0.76–1.13)

 Western

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Month

 January

1.04 (0.75–1.43)

 February

0.52 (0.37–0.72)

 March

0.48 (0.36–0.65)

 April

0.62 (0.43–0.88)

 May

0.44 (0.30–0.65)

 June

0.88 (0.66–1.18)

 July

1.66 (1.33–2.07)

 August

1.86 (1.49–2.32)

 September

1.29 (1.03–1.60)

 October

2.15 (1.77–2.62)

 November

1.60 (1.31–1.95)

 December

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Year

 2005

1.43 (1.16–1.75)

 2006

1.06 (0.78–1.43)

 2007

0.93 (0.73–1.19)

 2008

1.68 (1.39–2.04)

 2009

1.00 (0.74–1.36)

 2010

0.12 (0.05–0.28)

 2011

1.32 (0.91–1.91)

 2012

1.95 (1.49–2.56)

 2013

2.53 (1.99–3.23)

 2014

1.50 (1.14–1.98)

 2015

0.87 (0.68–1.12)

 2016

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